2025년 10월 고1 모의고사 영어 변형문제 (31-42번)

Myths aren’t only stories. For example, a well-known myth that persists today is the supposed high iron ____ in spinach.

This is a legend that dates back to 1890 and originates from a simple miscalculation by physiologist Gustav von ____.

He accurately determined that 100 grams of spinach contained 35 milligrams of iron but he was analyzing dried spinach, which held ten times more iron than the same ____ of fresh leafy greens.

Although the error was swiftly corrected, the correction was just as swiftly ____.

The myth had taken hold. Popeye, who gained superhuman strength ____ the leafy greens and defended himself with iron fists, contributed to its endurance and even today, some nearly 150 years later, parents the world over use this tale to try to persuade their children into eating the healthy vegetable.

The technical term often used to describe animals’ ____ of numbers is the approximate number system.

What it ____ not provide is precision.

It shows ― and this is the same in every species tested ― a characteristic pattern of errors, with discrimination becoming less accurate as the quantities ____ bigger.

Rhesus monkeys can tell one from two, two from three, three from four, four from five ... but start to ____ from five upwards.

Rats that learned to press a lever a given number of times, from four up to ____, became markedly less and less precise in their responses as the number increased: by the top end of the range they would merely produce a spread of numbers around the target.

It is a common observation that when testing the ____ of animals’ number sense, the size of the numbers matters.

Despite the cultural trope depicting emotions as the opposite of rational thought, cognition ― what we commonly refer to as thinking ― is actually a key building ____ of emotion.

How we think about our ____ shapes the emotions we experience; then those emotions echo back to influence how we think.

For instance, if you walk into a test thinking you are bad at taking tests, your ____ will be increased.

Then you don’t feel good ____ your performance on the test, and that becomes evidence for continuing to think that you’re bad at test taking.

In this way there’s simply no pulling emotion and ____ apart.

This bi-directionality of cognition and emotion allows us to adjust difficult emotions by changing the ____ we think.

By thinking differently ― I ____ nervous sometimes, but I’m still a good test taker, or that nervous feeling is just excitement and anticipation, it means I’m ready ―you can work those pathways to your advantage.

What is the Capabilities ____ (CA), and why would lawyers passionate about animal justice care about it?

It is easy to say ____ it is not.

The CA does not rank animals by likeness to humans or seek special privileges for those considered most “like us,” as do some ____ popular theoretical approaches.

The CA ____ concern for the finch and the pig as much as the whale and the elephant.

And it argues that the human form of life is simply irrelevant when we think about what each type of ____ needs and deserves.

What is relevant is their own forms of ____.

Just as humans seek to be able to ____ the characteristic goods of a human life, so a finch seeks a finch’s life and the whale a whale’s life.

We should extend ourselves and learn, not lazily picture animals as lesser humans, seeking a life ____ of like our own.

According to the CA, each sentient creature ____ have the opportunity to flourish in the form of life characteristic for that creature.

Social media serves as an important context to ____ autobiographical remembering.

Personal events posted on ____ media platforms are better remembered and less forgotten than those not posted, independent of the characteristics of the events.

This may be because sharing memories online allows individuals to rehearse and make sense of ____ happened, thus facilitating long-term memory retention.

Online feedback such as comments and likes as well as technological features such as algorithms and periodic reminders can further serve as memory ____ for the posted event details.

As a result, event details shared on social media are likely stabilized and remembered over time, ____ those not shared may become inaccessible or forgotten.

Multisensory experiences are a central part of our everyday lives, yet we often take ____ for granted, especially when our senses function normally or are corrected to normal with aids like glasses.

However, closer inspection to any, even the most ____ experiences, reveals the remarkable multisensory world in which we live.

Consider the experience of eating a regular ____.

At first, it may seem like an ordinary experience, but it is ____ a fusion of the senses.

We first eat with our eyes, but we are also exposed to countless ____ signals that influence our eating experience such as food textures, tastes, and smells.

And it does not ____ there.

Even the sounds that come both from the atmospheres in which we eat and our interactions with the ____ (such as chewing) and the tools we use to eat influence our eating experience.

As children, the ____ of opposites is foreign.

Children perceive words and their meanings ____ from each other.

It is only in later development that we understood that ____ words directly connect to one another.

For many children, for instance, it is not clear that ‘Right’ is the ____ of ‘Left’.

A vivid ____ of this can be seen when children learn to ride a bicycle.

If parents tell their child “Don’t go to the left,” they will ____ find that the child will continue riding straight ahead and not automatically turn to the right.

The same applies to the logical connection between ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ as ____ by parents.

When we were children and were told, for example, “No, don’t eat with your hands,” we were confused and didn’t know what our parents ____ from us.

Our confusion was about whether we should continue ____ or not and if so, how?

Only later did we recognize the connection and understand that we should continue eating, but not with our ____ but with a fork or a spoon.

Humans are ____ the most social animal.

Ants, bees, and termites put humanity to shame on ____ metrics of sociality.

A wide variety of relatives ____ together with perfectly harmonious behavior and collectively care for their young.

But while insect colonies are impressively social places, it’s not our kind of social ____.

Bees always build hexagonal hives, ____ march in lines, and termites move in zigzag formations.

These ____ recur predictably because they are tightly programmed genetically and propelled pheromonally.

We humans are more free, ____ tightly programmed genetically, so our social patterns can be more diverse and dynamic.

Every group dances a slightly ____ dance, and these choreographies change across generations.

We still think and act in ____ that are in harmony with others around us, but it is through patterns that are more shaped by nurture, not just nature.

Those ____ purchase the goods of a company are called customers. Individuals who purchase goods for personal use are called consumers: beings who consume.

Therefore, companies have invented multiple ways to ensure that their ____ consume the produced items in larger and larger quantities and more and more frequently.

Those who sell food ____ an easy time, for food is literally consumed, so there is always a need to purchase new food.

But with more permanent things, companies must invent reasons for their customers to continue to ____ them.

One approach is to make the stuff that people already have outdated by convincing them that it is no ____ fashionable.

The entire fashion industry is built to convince people that fashion matters, so they ____ purchase new clothing, even though the old is still perfectly functionable.

Fashion today extends to far more things than clothes: automobiles, mobile ____, computers ― the list is extended indefinitely, limited only by the limits of the creative minds of the marketing divisions of companies.

Kivetz, Urminsky, and Zheng partnered with a café to test the motivating effect of illusory ____ in an experiment.

Customers received a reward card that offered one free coffee after they’d bought ____.

While half of the customers received a card with ten open ____, the other half got a card with twelve open slots.

Yet the ____ card had two preexisting “bonus” stamps, so, strictly speaking, these were identical reward programs.

Every ____ who got a card needed to make ten coffee purchases (and collect ten stamps) to get their free coffee.

But the appeal of the free stamps was ____.

People who thought they’d gotten a head start came back to the café more ____, filling in their reward card more quickly than the others.

When the card came with two out of twelve slots ____ filled, it felt to customers like they were already 16 percent finished with the goal before they’d even started.

Believing they were closer to the reward, they were more ____ to reach the finish line.

Creativity is the ability to generate ____ and valuable ideas.

It involves divergent thinking, imagination, and a willingness to ____ and take risks.

While AI can be a powerful tool for ____ efforts, it also carries the risk of limiting originality and innovation.

AI algorithms are trained on existing datasets, often ____ patterns and trends in past creations.

____ this can be useful for generating new content in similar styles or formats, it can also lead to derivative works that lack genuine originality.

If artists and designers rely too heavily on AI for inspiration and content generation, they may find themselves trapped in a cycle of imitation, unable to break free from the constraints of the AI’s training ____.

____, the ease with which AI can generate content can discourage the kind of struggle and experimentation that often leads to breakthroughs.

The creative process is ____ messy and repetitive, involving numerous failures and setbacks.

It is through these challenges that we refine our skills, ____ our unique perspectives, and push the boundaries of what is possible.

If AI provides instant solutions, it can bypass this essential process of learning through trial and ____, ultimately inhibiting the development of true creative talent.