2025년 10월 고1 모의고사 영어 변형문제 (31-42번)

Myths aren’t ____ stories. For example, a well-known myth that persists today is the supposed high iron content in spinach.

This is a legend that dates back to 1890 and originates from a simple ____ by physiologist Gustav von Bunge.

He accurately ____ that 100 grams of spinach contained 35 milligrams of iron but he was analyzing dried spinach, which held ten times more iron than the same amount of fresh leafy greens.

Although the error was swiftly corrected, the correction was just as swiftly ____.

The myth had taken hold. Popeye, who gained superhuman strength from the leafy greens and defended himself with iron fists, contributed to its endurance and even today, some nearly 150 ____ later, parents the world over use this tale to try to persuade their children into eating the healthy vegetable.

The technical term often used to describe animals’ judgement of numbers is the ____ number system.

____ it does not provide is precision.

It shows ― and this is the same in every species tested ― a characteristic pattern of errors, with discrimination becoming less accurate as the quantities get ____.

Rhesus monkeys can tell one from two, two from three, three from ____, four from five ... but start to fail from five upwards.

Rats that learned to press a lever a ____ number of times, from four up to twenty-four, became markedly less and less precise in their responses as the number increased: by the top end of the range they would merely produce a spread of numbers around the target.

It is a common observation that ____ testing the accuracy of animals’ number sense, the size of the numbers matters.

Despite the cultural trope depicting emotions as the opposite of rational thought, ____ ― what we commonly refer to as thinking ― is actually a key building block of emotion.

How we think about our circumstances shapes the emotions we experience; then those emotions echo back to influence ____ we think.

For instance, if you walk ____ a test thinking you are bad at taking tests, your anxiety will be increased.

Then you don’t ____ good about your performance on the test, and that becomes evidence for continuing to think that you’re bad at test taking.

In this way there’s simply no pulling ____ and cognition apart.

This bi-directionality of cognition and emotion ____ us to adjust difficult emotions by changing the way we think.

By thinking differently ― I get ____ sometimes, but I’m still a good test taker, or that nervous feeling is just excitement and anticipation, it means I’m ready ―you can work those pathways to your advantage.

What is the Capabilities Approach (CA), and why would lawyers passionate about ____ justice care about it?

It is easy to ____ what it is not.

The CA does not rank animals by likeness to humans or seek special privileges for those ____ most “like us,” as do some other popular theoretical approaches.

The CA has concern for the finch and the pig as ____ as the whale and the elephant.

And it argues that the human form of life is ____ irrelevant when we think about what each type of animal needs and deserves.

What is relevant is their own forms of ____.

Just as humans seek to be able to enjoy the characteristic goods of a human life, so a finch ____ a finch’s life and the whale a whale’s life.

We should extend ourselves and learn, not lazily ____ animals as lesser humans, seeking a life sort of like our own.

According to the CA, each sentient creature ____ have the opportunity to flourish in the form of life characteristic for that creature.

Social media serves as an important ____ to facilitate autobiographical remembering.

Personal events posted on social media platforms are better remembered and less forgotten than those not ____, independent of the characteristics of the events.

This may be because sharing memories online allows individuals to rehearse and ____ sense of what happened, thus facilitating long-term memory retention.

Online feedback such as comments and likes as well as technological features such as algorithms and periodic reminders can further serve as memory cues for the posted ____ details.

As a result, event details shared on social media are likely ____ and remembered over time, whereas those not shared may become inaccessible or forgotten.

Multisensory ____ are a central part of our everyday lives, yet we often take them for granted, especially when our senses function normally or are corrected to normal with aids like glasses.

However, closer inspection to any, even the most ____ experiences, reveals the remarkable multisensory world in which we live.

Consider the experience of ____ a regular meal.

At first, it may seem like an ordinary experience, but it is actually a ____ of the senses.

We first eat with our eyes, but we are also exposed to countless sensory signals that influence our eating experience such as food ____, tastes, and smells.

And it ____ not stop there.

Even the sounds that come both from the atmospheres in ____ we eat and our interactions with the food (such as chewing) and the tools we use to eat influence our eating experience.

As children, the principle of ____ is foreign.

Children perceive words and their meanings separately ____ each other.

It is only in later ____ that we understood that individual words directly connect to one another.

For many children, for instance, it is not clear that ‘Right’ is the ____ of ‘Left’.

A vivid example of this can be seen when ____ learn to ride a bicycle.

If parents tell their child “Don’t go to the left,” they ____ often find that the child will continue riding straight ahead and not automatically turn to the right.

The same ____ to the logical connection between ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ as perceived by parents.

When we were children and were told, for example, “No, don’t ____ with your hands,” we were confused and didn’t know what our parents expected from us.

Our confusion was about whether we should continue ____ or not and if so, how?

Only later did we ____ the connection and understand that we should continue eating, but not with our hands but with a fork or a spoon.

____ are not the most social animal.

Ants, bees, and termites put humanity to shame on many metrics of ____.

A wide variety of relatives live together with ____ harmonious behavior and collectively care for their young.

But while insect colonies are ____ social places, it’s not our kind of social life.

Bees always build hexagonal hives, ____ march in lines, and termites move in zigzag formations.

These patterns recur predictably ____ they are tightly programmed genetically and propelled pheromonally.

We humans are more free, less tightly programmed genetically, so our social patterns can be more ____ and dynamic.

Every group dances a slightly different ____, and these choreographies change across generations.

We still think and act in ways that are in harmony with others around us, but it is through patterns that are more shaped by ____, not just nature.

Those who purchase the goods of a company are called customers. Individuals who purchase goods for personal use are called consumers: beings ____ consume.

Therefore, companies have invented multiple ways to ensure that their customers consume the produced items in larger and larger quantities and more and more ____.

Those who sell food have an easy time, for ____ is literally consumed, so there is always a need to purchase new food.

But with more permanent things, companies must invent ____ for their customers to continue to consume them.

One approach is to make the stuff that people already have outdated by convincing them that it is no ____ fashionable.

The entire fashion industry is built to convince people that fashion matters, so they must purchase new clothing, even ____ the old is still perfectly functionable.

Fashion today extends to far more things than clothes: automobiles, mobile phones, computers ― the list is extended indefinitely, limited only by the limits of the creative minds of the ____ divisions of companies.

Kivetz, Urminsky, and Zheng partnered with a ____é to test the motivating effect of illusory progress in an experiment.

Customers received a reward card that offered one free coffee after ____ bought ten.

While half of the customers received a card with ten open ____, the other half got a card with twelve open slots.

Yet the twelveslot card had two preexisting “bonus” stamps, so, ____ speaking, these were identical reward programs.

Every customer who got a card needed to make ten coffee purchases (and collect ten stamps) to get their free ____.

But the appeal of the free ____ was high.

People who thought they’d gotten a head start came back to the café more often, filling in their reward card more quickly ____ the others.

When the card came with two out of twelve slots already filled, it felt to customers like they were already 16 percent finished with the ____ before they’d even started.

Believing they were closer to the reward, they were more ____ to reach the finish line.

Creativity is the ability to generate novel and ____ ideas.

It involves divergent thinking, imagination, and a willingness to ____ and take risks.

While AI can be a ____ tool for creative efforts, it also carries the risk of limiting originality and innovation.

AI algorithms are trained on existing datasets, often identifying patterns and trends in past ____.

While this can be ____ for generating new content in similar styles or formats, it can also lead to derivative works that lack genuine originality.

If artists and designers rely too heavily on AI for inspiration and content generation, they may find themselves trapped in a cycle of imitation, unable to break free from the constraints of the AI’s training ____.

Moreover, the ease with which AI can generate content can discourage the ____ of struggle and experimentation that often leads to breakthroughs.

The ____ process is often messy and repetitive, involving numerous failures and setbacks.

It is through these challenges that we refine our skills, develop our unique perspectives, and push the boundaries of ____ is possible.

If AI provides instant solutions, it ____ bypass this essential process of learning through trial and error, ultimately inhibiting the development of true creative talent.