2025년 10월 고1 모의고사 영어 변형문제 (31-42번)

Myths aren’t only stories. For example, a well-known myth that persists today is the supposed high iron content in ____

This is a legend that dates back ____ 1890 and originates from a simple miscalculation by physiologist Gustav von Bunge.

He ____ determined that 100 grams of spinach contained 35 milligrams of iron but he was analyzing dried spinach, which held ten times more iron than the same amount of fresh leafy greens.

____ the error was swiftly corrected, the correction was just as swiftly forgotten.

The myth had taken hold. Popeye, who gained superhuman strength from the ____ greens and defended himself with iron fists, contributed to its endurance and even today, some nearly 150 years later, parents the world over use this tale to try to persuade their children into eating the healthy vegetable.

The technical term often used to describe animals’ ____ of numbers is the approximate number system.

What it ____ not provide is precision.

It shows ― and this is the same in every species tested ― a characteristic pattern of errors, ____ discrimination becoming less accurate as the quantities get bigger.

Rhesus monkeys can tell one from two, two ____ three, three from four, four from five ... but start to fail from five upwards.

Rats that learned to press a lever a given number of times, from four up to twenty-four, became markedly less and less precise in their responses as the number increased: by the top end of the range they would ____ produce a spread of numbers around the target.

It is a common observation that ____ testing the accuracy of animals’ number sense, the size of the numbers matters.

Despite the cultural trope depicting emotions as the ____ of rational thought, cognition ― what we commonly refer to as thinking ― is actually a key building block of emotion.

How we think about our circumstances shapes the emotions we experience; then those emotions echo back to influence how ____ think.

For instance, if you walk into a test thinking you are bad at taking ____ your anxiety will be increased.

Then you don’t feel good about your performance on the test, and that becomes ____ for continuing to think that you’re bad at test taking.

In ____ way there’s simply no pulling emotion and cognition apart.

This bi-directionality of cognition and emotion allows ____ to adjust difficult emotions by changing the way we think.

By thinking differently ____ I get nervous sometimes, but I’m still a good test taker, or that nervous feeling is just excitement and anticipation, it means I’m ready ―you can work those pathways to your advantage.

What is ____ Capabilities Approach (CA), and why would lawyers passionate about animal justice care about it?

It is easy to ____ what it is not.

The CA does not rank animals by likeness to humans or seek special privileges for ____ considered most “like us,” as do some other popular theoretical approaches.

The CA has concern for the finch and the pig ____ much as the whale and the elephant.

And it argues that the human form of life ____ simply irrelevant when we think about what each type of animal needs and deserves.

What is ____ is their own forms of life.

____ as humans seek to be able to enjoy the characteristic goods of a human life, so a finch seeks a finch’s life and the whale a whale’s life.

We should extend ____ and learn, not lazily picture animals as lesser humans, seeking a life sort of like our own.

According to the CA, each sentient creature should have the opportunity to flourish ____ the form of life characteristic for that creature.

____ media serves as an important context to facilitate autobiographical remembering.

Personal events posted ____ social media platforms are better remembered and less forgotten than those not posted, independent of the characteristics of the events.

This may be because sharing memories ____ allows individuals to rehearse and make sense of what happened, thus facilitating long-term memory retention.

____ feedback such as comments and likes as well as technological features such as algorithms and periodic reminders can further serve as memory cues for the posted event details.

As a result, event details shared on social media are likely stabilized and remembered over time, ____ those not shared may become inaccessible or forgotten.

Multisensory experiences are a central part of our everyday ____ yet we often take them for granted, especially when our senses function normally or are corrected to normal with aids like glasses.

However, closer inspection to any, even the most ordinary experiences, ____ the remarkable multisensory world in which we live.

Consider the ____ of eating a regular meal.

At ____ it may seem like an ordinary experience, but it is actually a fusion of the senses.

We first eat with our eyes, but we are also exposed to countless sensory signals that influence our ____ experience such as food textures, tastes, and smells.

And it does not ____ there.

Even the sounds that come both from the atmospheres ____ which we eat and our interactions with the food (such as chewing) and the tools we use to eat influence our eating experience.

As children, the principle of ____ is foreign.

____ perceive words and their meanings separately from each other.

It is only in later development that ____ understood that individual words directly connect to one another.

For many children, for instance, it is not ____ that ‘Right’ is the opposite of ‘Left’.

A vivid ____ of this can be seen when children learn to ride a bicycle.

If parents tell their child “Don’t go to the left,” they will often find that the child ____ continue riding straight ahead and not automatically turn to the right.

The same applies to ____ logical connection between ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ as perceived by parents.

When we were children and were told, for example, “No, don’t eat ____ your hands,” we were confused and didn’t know what our parents expected from us.

Our confusion was about whether we should continue eating or not ____ if so, how?

Only later did we recognize the connection and understand that we should continue eating, but ____ with our hands but with a fork or a spoon.

Humans are not ____ most social animal.

Ants, ____ and termites put humanity to shame on many metrics of sociality.

A wide variety of relatives live together with perfectly harmonious behavior ____ collectively care for their young.

But while ____ colonies are impressively social places, it’s not our kind of social life.

Bees always build hexagonal hives, ants march in lines, and ____ move in zigzag formations.

These patterns recur predictably because they are ____ programmed genetically and propelled pheromonally.

We humans are more free, less ____ programmed genetically, so our social patterns can be more diverse and dynamic.

Every group dances a slightly different dance, ____ these choreographies change across generations.

We ____ think and act in ways that are in harmony with others around us, but it is through patterns that are more shaped by nurture, not just nature.

Those who purchase the goods of a company ____ called customers. Individuals who purchase goods for personal use are called consumers: beings who consume.

Therefore, companies have invented multiple ways to ensure that their customers consume the produced items ____ larger and larger quantities and more and more frequently.

Those who sell food have an easy time, for food is literally consumed, so there ____ always a need to purchase new food.

But with more permanent things, companies ____ invent reasons for their customers to continue to consume them.

One approach ____ to make the stuff that people already have outdated by convincing them that it is no longer fashionable.

The entire fashion industry is built to convince people that fashion matters, so they must purchase new clothing, even though the ____ is still perfectly functionable.

Fashion today extends to far more things than clothes: automobiles, mobile phones, computers ― the list is extended indefinitely, limited only by ____ limits of the creative minds of the marketing divisions of companies.

Kivetz, Urminsky, ____ Zheng partnered with a café to test the motivating effect of illusory progress in an experiment.

Customers received a reward card that offered one free coffee ____ they’d bought ten.

While half of ____ customers received a card with ten open slots, the other half got a card with twelve open slots.

Yet the twelveslot card had two preexisting ____ stamps, so, strictly speaking, these were identical reward programs.

Every customer who got a card needed to ____ ten coffee purchases (and collect ten stamps) to get their free coffee.

But ____ appeal of the free stamps was high.

People ____ thought they’d gotten a head start came back to the café more often, filling in their reward card more quickly than the others.

When the card came with two out of twelve slots already filled, it felt to customers like they were already 16 percent finished ____ the goal before they’d even started.

Believing they were ____ to the reward, they were more motivated to reach the finish line.

Creativity is the ability to generate novel and ____ ideas.

It involves divergent thinking, imagination, and ____ willingness to experiment and take risks.

While AI can be a powerful tool for creative efforts, it also carries the risk ____ limiting originality and innovation.

AI algorithms are ____ on existing datasets, often identifying patterns and trends in past creations.

While this can be useful for generating new content in similar styles or formats, it can also lead to ____ works that lack genuine originality.

If artists and designers rely too ____ on AI for inspiration and content generation, they may find themselves trapped in a cycle of imitation, unable to break free from the constraints of the AI’s training data.

Moreover, the ease ____ which AI can generate content can discourage the kind of struggle and experimentation that often leads to breakthroughs.

The creative process ____ often messy and repetitive, involving numerous failures and setbacks.

It is through these challenges that we refine our skills, develop our unique perspectives, and ____ the boundaries of what is possible.

If AI provides instant solutions, it can bypass this essential process of learning through trial ____ error, ultimately inhibiting the development of true creative talent.