영어2 비상 홍민표 3과 변형문제 Our Blue Planet

Ever since the earliest life form first appeared on Earth between three and four billion years ago, organisms have developed into a variety of life forms, from ____ bacteria and mushrooms to apple trees and humans.

While most species have gone extinct, the survivors have been able to successfully ____ themselves to their surroundings.

As of 2016, scientists estimate that approximately ____ trillion species exist today, out of which only 1.6 million are documented.

A glance at some remarkable species that have evolved their own course of survival and adaptation may put human ____ into perspective, inviting us to ask what our place is in the natural world.

Imagine something secretly entering your body and controlling your behavior, turning you into one of those ____ from science fiction movies.

____ that sound creepy?

That's exactly how a parasitic fungus species called the “zombie ant fungus,” inhabiting tropical ____ around the world, attacks ant colonies.

What happens is that when spores from the fungus land on an ant searching for food in the ____, it infects the ant, hijacks its central nervous system, and controls its brain with a special chemical.

The victim doesn't act ____ an ant but like a zombie: it stops searching for food for its colony, and instead climbs up a tree and holds onto a leaf or a branch, where it is finally killed by the fungus.

Soon, a stalk of spores grows out of the back of the ant's head,from which ____ spores can access more ants under the tree, a cruel but very effective way of expanding the fungus' territory.

While the zombie ant fungi reproduce by enslaving ____ ants, an invertebrate species called the tardigrades is extremely difficult to kill, earning the title, “the toughest animal” in the world.

Their main habitat is wet areas, such as tropical rain forests, the freezing ____ of the Arctic Ocean or even your garden.

They are as small as the ____ at the end of every sentence you write.

____ their small size, however, they employ a series of remarkable survival tactics.

____ them in boiling alcohol or into the extreme cold of -272°C won't kill them.

Hunger or thirst is not a word in their ____: they can live without food or water for decades.

The vacuum of outer space can't stop them either; they were sent to space in 2007 and were found to have survived exposure to ____ and deadly solar radiation for ten full days.

Many things are still unknown about their survival tactics, but one trick they employ to fight dry ____ is relatively well documented.

They rely on “____,” which is when they don't die but go into a state where their metabolism decreases to 0.01% of normal activity.

They do this by ____ up and drying out their body.

They can remain in this ____ state for decades.

They avoid going completely dry with the help of some protectants in their body mass, ____ prevent the main components of their cells, including their DNA, from being destroyed.

____ exposed to water, they rehydrate and reawaken.

Their ability to cope with extreme heat and cold, radiation, and pressure is still under ____.

The wonders of nature ____ not only in the animal kingdom but also in the world of plants.

One amazing plant is the floating bladderwort, which inhabits every continent except ____.

It is a plant with no true leaves or roots but ____ beautiful yellow flowers.

____ float freely on the surface of lakes or ponds without rooted connections to the soil.

They grow in areas that lack ____ minerals.

____ is needed is something to supplement their diet, and thus they feed on small creatures in ponds like water fleas.

With their sophisticated trapping mechanism, ____ seed-like bladders suck in prey in the blink of an eye.

This carnivorous plant uses a vacuum-driven ____ trap.

Two structures compose the trap: the ____ and the trap door.

When the walls pump out water while the trap door is locked, the walls create a partial vacuum inside, ____ potential mechanical energy like a spring.

At the bottom of the ____, trigger hairs act like a lever that blocks the external water from rushing in.

The hairs are very sensitive, and a slight touch by a nearby prey activates them, unlocking the door and expanding the walls, which causes the water ____ the prey to be sucked into the bladder.

It only takes a thousandth of a second for a water ____ to touch the hair and be sucked in.

Many of us take it for ____ that only humans farm food.

However, a recently discovered deep-sea crab species called the Yeti ____ that notion.

Yeti crabs live 2,000 meters ____ the surface of the ocean, deep down on sulfur-rich thermal vents that spew water as hot as 380°C.

In ____ harsh environments, they survive by growing bacteria on their hairy claws, which constitute their main food source.

There is no light ____ there, so photosynthesis is impossible.

____, the bacteria rely on what's known as chemosynthesis, using oxygen from the surrounding water and the methane or sulfide from the vents.

The crabs often wave their hairy claws near the vents, allowing the bacteria on the hair to have better access to oxygen, methane, or ____ to grow better, which is definitely a cool way of farming in the deep.

Despite the relatively recent appearance of modern humans on ____, we are led to believe that we “dominate” the natural world and that we are the “superior” life form.

A closer look at microorganisms, however, demonstrates that plants and animals ____ adapted to their environments far better than we have and in ways that we cannot even imagine.

It is true that we have done well to change our environment so that it is more suitable to us, but a study of other life forms leads us to question why we must always change our environment instead of adapting to it the way that other successful life forms ____.

Perhaps we need a dose of humility and a shift in ____.

Maybe we simply are not the ____ of this world.