영어2 비상 홍민표 3과 변형문제 Our Blue Planet

Ever since the earliest life form first appeared on Earth between three and four billion years ago, ____ have developed into a variety of life forms, from tiny bacteria and mushrooms to apple trees and humans.

While most species ____ gone extinct, the survivors have been able to successfully adapt themselves to their surroundings.

As of 2016, ____ estimate that approximately one trillion species exist today, out of which only 1.6 million are documented.

A glance at some remarkable species that have evolved their own course of survival and adaptation may put human life into perspective, inviting us to ask what our place is in the ____ world.

Imagine something secretly entering your body and controlling your behavior, turning ____ into one of those zombies from science fiction movies.

Does that ____ creepy?

That's exactly how a ____ fungus species called the “zombie ant fungus,” inhabiting tropical forests around the world, attacks ant colonies.

What happens is that when spores from the fungus land on an ant searching for food in the forest, it infects the ant, hijacks its central nervous system, and controls its ____ with a special chemical.

The victim doesn't act like an ant but like a zombie: it stops searching for food for its colony, and instead climbs up a tree and holds onto a leaf or a ____, where it is finally killed by the fungus.

Soon, a ____ of spores grows out of the back of the ant's head,from which more spores can access more ants under the tree, a cruel but very effective way of expanding the fungus' territory.

While the zombie ant fungi reproduce by enslaving poor ants, an invertebrate species called the tardigrades is extremely difficult to kill, earning the ____, “the toughest animal” in the world.

Their main habitat is ____ areas, such as tropical rain forests, the freezing waters of the Arctic Ocean or even your garden.

They are as small as the period at the end of every sentence you ____.

Despite their small size, however, they employ a series of remarkable survival ____.

Putting them in boiling alcohol or into the extreme cold of -272°C won't kill ____.

Hunger or thirst is not a word in their dictionary: they can live without food or ____ for decades.

The vacuum of outer space can't stop them either; they were sent to space in 2007 and were found to have survived exposure to vacuum and deadly ____ radiation for ten full days.

Many things are still unknown about their survival ____, but one trick they employ to fight dry seasons is relatively well documented.

They ____ on “cryptobiosis,” which is when they don't die but go into a state where their metabolism decreases to 0.01% of normal activity.

They do this by ____ up and drying out their body.

They can ____ in this dehydrated state for decades.

They ____ going completely dry with the help of some protectants in their body mass, which prevent the main components of their cells, including their DNA, from being destroyed.

____ exposed to water, they rehydrate and reawaken.

Their ability to cope with extreme heat and cold, radiation, and ____ is still under investigation.

The wonders of nature exist ____ only in the animal kingdom but also in the world of plants.

One amazing plant is the floating bladderwort, which inhabits every ____ except Antarctica.

It is a plant with no true leaves or roots but displays beautiful ____ flowers.

Bladderworts float freely on the ____ of lakes or ponds without rooted connections to the soil.

They grow in areas that lack ____ minerals.

What is needed is something to supplement their diet, and thus they feed on small creatures in ____ like water fleas.

With their sophisticated trapping mechanism, underwater seed-like bladders suck in ____ in the blink of an eye.

This carnivorous plant uses a vacuum-driven ____ trap.

Two structures compose the trap: the ____ and the trap door.

When the walls pump out water while the trap door is locked, the walls create a partial vacuum inside, storing ____ mechanical energy like a spring.

At the bottom of the door, trigger hairs act like a lever that blocks the external ____ from rushing in.

The hairs are very sensitive, and a slight touch by a nearby prey activates them, unlocking the door and expanding the walls, which causes the water surrounding the prey to be sucked into the ____.

It only takes a thousandth of a second for a water flea to touch the hair and be ____ in.

Many of us take it for granted that only humans ____ food.

However, a recently discovered deep-sea ____ species called the Yeti challenges that notion.

Yeti crabs live 2,000 meters below the surface of the ocean, deep down on sulfur-rich thermal vents that ____ water as hot as 380°C.

In such ____ environments, they survive by growing bacteria on their hairy claws, which constitute their main food source.

There is no light down there, so ____ is impossible.

Instead, the bacteria rely on what's known as ____, using oxygen from the surrounding water and the methane or sulfide from the vents.

The crabs often wave their hairy ____ near the vents, allowing the bacteria on the hair to have better access to oxygen, methane, or sulfide to grow better, which is definitely a cool way of farming in the deep.

Despite the ____ recent appearance of modern humans on Earth, we are led to believe that we “dominate” the natural world and that we are the “superior” life form.

A closer look at microorganisms, however, demonstrates that plants and animals ____ adapted to their environments far better than we have and in ways that we cannot even imagine.

It is true that we have done well to change our environment so that it is more suitable to us, but a study of other life forms leads us to question why we must ____ change our environment instead of adapting to it the way that other successful life forms have.

Perhaps we need a ____ of humility and a shift in perspective.

Maybe we simply are ____ the masters of this world.