2025년 10월 고3 모의고사 빈칸 변형 (31-42번)

As a general rule, when the individuals of a population encounter a new environmental stress, some ____ in the population will die prematurely and some individuals will survive.

If the reason for their survival (such as a slightly enhanced ability or trait) can be passed on to their offspring (that is, it's genetically encoded), then the next generation should be better able to withstand the ____ encountered environmental stress, and the population overall will be less susceptible to it.

Therefore, the key to the ability of a ____ to survive by adaptation lies in the rapidity with which the next generation, the more resistant generation, is produced by the survivors of this generation.

It follows that those species capable of producing a new generation very quickly should be better able to respond to a stress ____ quickly.

Those species that require more time for reproduction will be slower to adapt ____ the stress because of the additional time needed for them to produce stress-tolerant offspring.

____ digital age has brought remarkable advancements in communication.

A message that might have taken weeks to ____ by mail can now be sent in seconds.

Yet, in this shift ____ efficiency, we've lost something essential: the richness of face-to-face interaction.

Think about it — when you communicate through a text or email, you're missing out on nonverbal cues like facial expressions, tone of voice, ____ body language.

These elements carry emotional weight, helping ____ to interpret meaning and intent.

Without them, our understanding of others' emotions is often ____ leading to confusion and frustration.

Take, for ____ a short reply to an email: "Okay."

Depending on the context, the sender's intention might be neutral, annoyed, or ____ sarcastic.

But without vocal ____ or facial expressions to guide us, we are left guessing.

This is why digital communication requires heightened emotional awareness — not only to ____ ourselves effectively but also to decode the emotions behind the words we receive.

Our epistemic relation to self-determination is ____ to error and, thus, subjective.

Turning oneself into an agent of a particular kind by conceiving of oneself as that type of agent does not suffice to ____ it the case that one actually is that type of agent.

Just imagine ____ who believes himself to be a natural born tango dancer.

He has watched many videos about tango ____ and practices dancing by himself for many years.

Having prepared himself for a ____ entrance on the international scene, he travels to Buenos Aires and shows up at Maldita Milonga to show his skills.

Unbeknownst to him, though, his dancing (if dancing it be) does not even remotely ____ tango, and nothing he does on stage can be recognized as tango dancing.

Hence, while he conceived of himself as a tango dancer and did many things in light of ____ self-conception,

including buying a ticket ____ Buenos Aires, dressing up, consuming hours of tango videos, reading books about tango, learning Spanish, etc.

he failed at meeting some of the minimal norms ____ actually being a tango dancer at all.

What makes social attention distinct, and ____ far­reaching than many other forms of social connection, is that it can live outside of the actual relationships we have.

You can't ____ a relationship with a celebrity unless you know him and he knows you.

But a celebrity can be ____ object of your social attention.

And this kind of one­sided social attention isn't something trivial or secondary, but an enormous part of our ____

In tenth grade, you can spend most ____ your waking hours daydreaming about a high school senior you have a crush on.

As an adult, you might find yourself having imaginary arguments ____ your head with a certain media personality.

Think for a moment of the pantheon of strangers we have in our heads that we put our social attention on — from athletes we root for or jeer, to celebrities, to people whose ____ we encounter in the news.

An enormous part of our social attention falls ____ people who do not know us at all.

We often use the word ignorance to ____ a primitive or foolish set of beliefs.

In fact, I would say that "explanation" is often primitive or foolish, and the ____ of ignorance is the beginning of scientific discourse.

When we admit that something ____ unknown and inexplicable, then we admit also that it is worthy of investigation.

David Helfand, the astronomer, traces how our view of the wind evolved from the primitive to the scientific: first ____ wind is angry," followed by "the wind god is angry," and finally "the wind is a measurable form of energy."

The first two statements provide a complete explanation but are clearly ignorant; the third shows our ignorance (we can't predict or alter the weather yet) but is ____ less ignorant.

Explanation rather than ignorance is the hallmark ____ intellectual narrowness.

Some ____ about lotteries are extremely likely to be true.

Consider the proposition 'any given ticket in a ten-­million ticket ____ is a losing ticket'.

Despite being overwhelmingly likely to be true, many philosophers think that such propositions, based on probabilities alone, are ____ from other propositions we regularly rely upon.

It's been popular to suppose, for instance, that we don't know that we have lost the lottery ____ by reflecting on how unlikely winning is.

This is ____ because there are many things we take ourselves to know even though we presumably have more than a one­-in-­ten-­million chance of being wrong.

____ example, you might know you will attend a meeting later, even though occasionally meetings get cancelled unexpectedly — and surely more frequently than one­-in-­ten-­million meetings!

If we want to avoid conceding that the scope of our knowledge ____ much more limited than usually supposed, there must be some difference between the probabilistic evidence we have about the lottery and evidence for regular things that we do know.

In everyday life, ____ people think that media effects are things that show up during a media exposure or immediately afterward.

Of course some effects do show up immediately, but other effects may ____ a long time to manifest themselves.

Let's say you see an ad for a product on a website ____ you click on a buy now button to buy that product.

This is an example of a ____ message triggering an immediate effect — a buying behavior — on you.

But let's say you did not click on the buy now button to buy the product; does this mean there was no media ____

Perhaps, ____ also perhaps not.

If you continually expose yourself to ads in the media, you may gradually over time come to believe that you have more needs than you really have and that all of those needs can be easily satisfied by ____ particular products.

This is a long-term effect on what you believe; it cannot be attributed to any one media exposure but instead gradually builds up in a steady ____ manner over time.

Since its invention at the end of the nineteenth century, the automobile remained a machine that had to ____ controlled by a human driver.

Without human control of steering wheel, gas pedal and brakes none of the billions of miles could have been traversed by the billions of cars ____ the world: A car always needed the driving skills of a human to fulfill its function.

Without a driver, it would have been only an immobile artifact, left to stand still in its parking ____

In the early years of motoring, this necessity ____ a human driver was not seen as a barrier.

Manual driving ____ to fulfill the human dream of individual mobility and freedom, of self-guidance, of autonomy.

But with the emerging mass automobility in the first decades of the twentieth century, the negative effects of human agency behind the ____ wheel — accidents for example — became a serious topic of concern.

It is no surprise that the fantasy ____ a self-driving car, a car that can navigate without a human driver, can be dated to this period.

That ____ brain had limitations on the amount of information processing it could handle was not news to psychologists.

Indeed, about 15 years earlier, Miller showed this with ____ famous paper on the limited capacity of short-term memory.

What ____ novel was the connection between categorization and stereotyping, and that categorization was an inevitable aspect of human cognition.

At any given second, there ____ hundreds, even thousands, of different stimuli that can be perceived in our immediate environment.

If we had to constantly think ____ about every one of those stimuli (or even a small subset thereof), in order to understand its nature and function, we would never get anything done!

Instead, we learn about different stimuli, and tend to group them ____ terms of common features, attributes, or functions.

This categorization process then becomes so well practiced as to become automatic, and it frees up our consciousness to attend to things that are ____ in our environment, or to our current task.

Thus, categorization helps us reduce the complexity of the stimuli in ____ social environment.

Cinema and law share the same ____ and audience.

Rather than an abstract ____ for truth as a value in itself, the law deals with the messiness of human relations.

Both disciplines struggle with what it means ____ be human and try to communicate to us something about our existence; both are human artifacts directed at man.

Indeed, foundational to law is its anxiety about human nature: man desires freedom but is simultaneously too ____ to exist in a state of nature without a regime of commands and prohibitions.

However, there is also an important difference here that makes a study of the interaction between cinema and law ____ while cinema expresses man's affective life, the law keeps it in check.

It tries to ensure ____ we are not overwhelmed and destroyed by our desires and drives.

The law obsessively ____ to suppress affects, fearing the horror of their consequences, whereas cinema introduces us to our affects, often forcing us to identify the most unbearable ones in ourselves.

Cinema and law are both human creations that explore humanity, yet they differ in how they handle emotion — cinema has us confront it, and law ____ limits on it.

Few pick up a novel ____ criticize it because the situations it describes and the people it contains never existed in real life.

Perhaps even when we should criticize fiction for giving us inaccurate or biased views ____ the state of the world, it generally escapes our scorn.

It's only fiction, we say. But of course fiction is more than just ____ made up.

If it were only that, we would ____ bother engaging with it, and it would not occupy such a large part of our lives.

Humans are drawn to fiction, to invented stories, in a way unique ____ animals.

If we think about this, it may seem odd — why should we be interested in reading or watching on screen a story that never happened, and in many cases that could never happen, the ____ of people who never existed and could never exist?

Why do we enjoy ____ What do we get out of it?

We're not learning anything about the world, we're not gaining any kind of useful experience that will help us navigate our lives more effectively, we're not ____ any new skill or developing any new material.

Most of us of course will argue that there is a great deal of value in engaging with fiction and other kinds of art, even though these things may teach us nothing about the ____ or generate art-independent skills.

After all, we spend significant amounts of our time engaging ____ such fiction.

It is no surprise that films, television and sports, video games, novels, and the ____ are billion-dollar industries.