Lesson 3 Our Heritage, Our Treasure
Rescuing Cultural Treasures
During World ____ II, there was a group of people who risked everything to protect priceless works of art from ruin.
In 1943, around 345 ____ from 14 different Allied nations* came together to form the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives (MFAA) program.
They were not trained soldiers but scholars and experts of various kinds, ____ as professors, historians, and architects.
These ____ men and women volunteered to protect Europe’s cultural heritage and became known as the “Monuments Men.”
From Preventing Destruction to Saving Treasures
When the MFAA was first formed, its main goal was to ____ the destruction of cultural landmarks.
The Monuments Men persuaded the ____ forces not to bomb areas with museums, churches, or other culturally significant buildings.
They also visited areas that had already been destroyed to restore ____ architecture and works of art.
It wasn’t long before their role ____.
During the war, the Nazis had ____ stealing works of art and other cultural treasures from countries across Europe.
They hid these treasures in places like ____, mines, and caves.
When the Monuments Men learned about this, they started looking for the stolen ____.
Their search has since ____ called “the greatest treasure hunt in history.”
When Germany began to lose the war, the stolen objects came ____ threat.
Hitler ordered his forces to destroy everything that ____ be useful to the Allied armies before they retreated from an area.
Some Nazi leaders believed that this included not ____ military and industrial equipment but everything of value—even the stolen works of art.
A Race against the Clock of Altaussee
One of the largest collections of ____ items was hidden in the salt mines of Altaussee, Austria.
Upon discovering its ____, some of the Monuments Men rushed to the mines.
They hoped to recover everything before it was ____ late.
Meanwhile, the Nazi leader who was in charge of the area tried to destroy everything by setting off large explosives inside the ____.
This could ____ been disastrous.
Luckily, some local miners found the explosives in the mines and ____ up with a plan to protect their livelihood.
They secretly ____ the large explosives and put smaller ones at the entrances.
Once they went off, the Nazi ____ believed that everything was destroyed.
However, while the small explosions ____ off the entrances, they left the rest of the mines and the works of art unharmed.
When the Monuments Men arrived and squeezed their way ____ the mines, they must have been amazed to see what was inside.
There were thousands of priceless objects, including paintings, statues, books, ____, and more.
The Monuments Men thought it would take about one year to transport everything they ____ to a safe location.
However, because control of the area was going to change at the end of the war, they would have access to the mines for just two ____.
With insufficient packing supplies and only a few trucks, the transporting mission ____ impossible.
Not ____ that, but food was in short supply.
Even without eating proper ____, they worked up to twenty hours a day.
They used coats and gas masks as packing materials and did everything they ____ to accomplish this vital mission in time.
In the end, the Monuments Men succeeded in rescuing thousands of ____ works of art, including important pieces such as Jan van Eyck’s Adoration of the Mystic Lamb, Johannes Vermeer’s The Astronomer, and Michelangelo’s Madonna of Bruges.
The Continuing Impact of the Monuments Men
The efforts of the Monuments Men did not ____ with the war.
For several years, they ____ the work of recovering cultural treasures and identifying where they had been stolen from.
In the end, the Monuments Men returned more than ____ million works of art and objects of cultural importance to their places of origin.
Not everything that was stolen by the Nazis has ____ found, but what the Monuments Men accomplished is truly amazing.
Without this determined ____, the search for stolen works of art might never have begun.
In addition, countless historical and cultural landmarks would have been lost ____ due to the destruction of war.
It is worth remembering the Monuments Men’s contribution to the preservation of cultural ____.
Thanks to their efforts, many incredible cultural sites and works of art ____ survived and can still be appreciated to this day.
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