2025년 9월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

Whether we feel happy or sad, content or discontent, is not determined merely by ____ individual successive moment of life experience― a good thing happens and I’m happy, a bad thing happens and I’m sad.

While our experiences affect our mood, we ____ not blown in a completely new direction by each gust of wind.

As humans, we adjust― to new information and events both good and bad― and return to our ____ default level of well-being.

There will be highs and lows, but over time, ____ water seeking its own level, we are pulled toward our baseline― back up after bad news and back down after good.

The euphoria of first love fades, and so does the despair ____ a break-up.

This tendency is best seen with little kids and their toy ____ When they get what they’ve longed for, they believe they will be happy for the rest of their lives.

And for the first few minutes ____ the rest of their lives, they are.

But ____ the kids― like adults―adapt.

Although you may put off going to sleep in order to squeeze more activities into your day, eventually your need for sleep becomes overwhelming and you are ____ to get some sleep.

This daily drive ____ sleep appears to be due, in part, to a compound known as adenosine.

This natural chemical builds up in your ____ as time awake increases.

While you sleep, ____ body breaks down the adenosine.

Thus, this molecule may be what your body uses to keep track of lost sleep and ____ trigger sleep when needed.

An accumulation of adenosine ____ other factors might explain why, after several nights of less than optimal amounts of sleep, you build up a sleep debt that you must make up by sleeping longer than normal.

Because of ____ built-in molecular feedback, you can’t become accustomed to getting less sleep than your body needs.

Eventually, a lack of sleep ____ up with you.

One of ____ things that makes uncertainty difficult for members of the public to appreciate is that the significance of uncertainty is relative.

Take, for ____ the distance between Earth and the sun: 1.49597 × 10⁸ km, as measured at one point during the year.

This ____ relatively precise; after all, using six significant digits means I know the distance to an accuracy of one part in a million or so.

However, if the next digit is uncertain, that means the uncertainty in knowing the precise Earth-sun distance is larger than the distance between New ____ and Chicago!

Whether or not the quoted number is “precise” therefore depends on what I’m intending to ____ with it.

If I care only about what minute the sun will ____ tomorrow, then the number quoted here is fine.

If I want to send a satellite to orbit just above the ____ however, then I would need to know distances more accurately.

Richard Heinberg, an American journalist, argues that in building the renewable energy infrastructure to stop global ____ we are actually involved in one of the greatest change projects in human history.

In addition to solar panels and wind turbines, we have to ____ an alternative transport infrastructure, farming procedures and industrial processes.

____ transformation cannot happen without fossil fuels.

For instance, production of concrete structures and steel elements require amounts of energy that is only possible to produce ____ fossil energy.

Production of solar ____ requires scarce and expensive minerals which must be excavated, again requiring the use of fossil fuels.

Thus, the harder ____ push towards a renewable energy system, the faster we have to use fossil energy for the construction process.

This is not only expensive, but also an undermining factor for our efforts to cut global ____

Heinberg remarks that the cost of building this new energy infrastructure is seldom counted in transition proposals, which tend to focus just ____ energy supply requirements.

Humans for centuries have ____ of machines that could become intelligent and make human-like decisions.

____ have been myths about robots, automatons, and artificial beings since ancient Greece (e.g., the myth of Pandora, who released ills upon the world).

Likewise, literature throughout history has dreamed of creating human-like creatures and ____ machines (e.g., Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein).

In 1950, British mathematician Alan Turing asked whether machines could think and reason like humans and then developed the Turing test to measure a machine’s intelligence and whether the machines can think ____

A few years later, MIT professor John McCarthy coined “artificial intelligence,” replacing the previously used expression ____ studies.”

Since then, artificial intelligence has become the study and practice of “making intelligent machines” that are programmed to think like humans―endowed by their creators with reasoning ____ learning.

The desert tortoise has a simple ____ for coping with Death Valley’s extreme heat: It avoids it.

The slow-moving creature hibernates during the winter and stays in its ____ for much of the summer, meaning that it spends more than 90 percent of its life immobile.

In fact, the tortoise ____ only surfaces after a good rain.

____ it gets to work. The tortoise stocks up on water by eating plants and digging holes to collect rain.

But to stay supplied with water through its extended hibernation, the ____ relies on something else―its highly sophisticated bladder.

Unlike most animals, the tortoise’s bladder acts ____ a holding tank, allowing it to reabsorb water back into its body.

Incredibly, a desert tortoise can go a ____ year without taking in any freshwater at all.

And because its bladder is so important to a tortoise’s survival, park rangers often remind visitors not to stop and help the slow-movers ____ the road.

Tortoises become so terrified when people pick them up ____ they empty their bladders, losing their precious water reserves.

Imagine ____ are pedalling your bicycle on a level road.

You ____ pedalling: no force is now acting to move you forward.

What happens? You gradually slow ____

How could you slow ____ more suddenly, in a shorter distance?

By ____ the brakes on.

Because the brakes ____ your movement, making you slow down more suddenly, they must be exerting a force on the bicycle and you, as they grip and rub on the wheel rims.

This is the force called friction, which tends ____ slow down moving things by acting in the direction opposite to movement, that is backwards.

Even without the brakes on, there are other friction forces ____ on you and your bicycle, which also slow you down.

One of these ____ friction in the wheels rubbing on the axles.

Another is air resistance, which you can feel, pushing you backwards as ____ and the bicycle move forwards.

When you apply these ideas to something ____ you, like a cart, you can see what could be generating friction: mainly the axles rubbing on the body as they rotate.

All editing systems ____ now nonlinear computer-based systems that allow random access to any video shot or scene without having to fast forward or fast reverse to find it.

Nonlinear ____ can create a range of special effects, such as slow motion, wipes and dissolves.

Another highlight of a digital nonlinear system is its random access process that makes it ____ for an editor to find desired shots or scenes without having to spend time fast forwarding or rewinding videotape.

With nonlinear editing, shots or scenes can be easily added or removed anywhere in the program, and ____ computer adjusts the program length automatically.

Linear editing ____ like composing a paper on a typewriter.

If a mistake ____ made or new information needed to be added the whole piece had to be retyped.

Nonlinear editing, on the other ____ is like using a word processing program.

If a mistake is made, it is easily ____ and fixed with a few keystrokes, and new information can be added easily.

A morally good person is one who does morally bad actions significantly less often than most and ____ morally good ones significantly more often than most.

In judging a person not only her actions but also her intentions and ____ are relevant.

A morally good person must intend to do ____ good actions and intend to avoid morally bad ones.

A person ____ unintentionally prevents harm to others and does not harm them simply because things do not turn out as she intends is not morally good.

Although this kind of situation generally occurs only in slapstick movies, it is worth mentioning to avoid the false impression that it is the ____ consequences of a person’s actions that count toward her being judged morally good or bad.

____ actual consequences are important.

A person who always ____ to prevent harm but never does, is not generally thought of as morally good.

Of such a person, it may be said that she ____ well; but, contrary to Kant, some results are necessary before she is regarded as morally good.

____ is influenced by our preconceptions about reality.

In viewing a ____ we establish unconscious hierarchies that reflect our functional relationship to objects and our momentary priorities.

For example, when visualizing a hammer in our mind’s eye, we ____ to “see” it in profile or at some other “ready for use” angle.

One would probably not visualize a hammer as seen from the top so that the handle ____ hidden by the hammer’s head.

The functional relationship we have with objects creates visual expectations that interfere with our ability to see ____ a camera.”

The camera, like the human eye, sees only ____ and colors.

It documents the world impartially through a lens that is similar ____ the eye.

When we look at ____ carefully, photographs are often surprising because they don’t interpret confusing details but simply serve them up to us with a mechanical indifference.

And because of their flatness, photographs often contain areas that appear as ____ colors and shapes.

“May I help you?” are the worst four words that a retail salesperson can utter because they don’t encourage the customer to talk and put them on the ____

The four words usually draw ____ a negative response that stops cold a sales transaction.

Examples of better questions ____ use when approaching customers are “Is there anything in particular that you are looking for?” and “Are you shopping for a gift?”

If a fashion salesperson approached you with “May I help you?” ____ are you would feel the salesperson didn’t care.

This line is a rote approach that is so overused by ____ and uninterested salespeople.

In fact, most of ____ shudder in horror on hearing these words.

The very meaning of the question “May I help you?” implies that the customer is in trouble of some sort and needs ____

This almost always puts the ____ on the defense.

____ thank you” is usually the immediate response, even if the customer is actually in need of assistance.

The subconscious thought by the customer is often “I’m smart enough to figure out what I want, and I don’t ____ your help!”

If customers feel pressured or cornered, then salespeople won’t ____ any sales.

The approach has to promote a comfortable environment that makes customers ____ there is no rush.

Furthermore, if customers just want to look around, they should feel that it is all right to ____ so.

In situations where customers really do want to look around on their own, salespeople ____ give customers their business cards and keep themselves accessible in case customers have questions or concerns.