2025년 9월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

Whether we feel happy or sad, content or discontent, is not determined merely by each individual successive moment of life experience― a good thing happens and I’m happy, a bad thing ____ and I’m sad.

While our ____ affect our mood, we are not blown in a completely new direction by each gust of wind.

As humans, we adjust― to new information and events both good and ____― and return to our personal default level of well-being.

There will be highs and lows, but over time, like water seeking its own level, we are pulled toward our baseline― back up after ____ news and back down after good.

The euphoria of first love fades, and so ____ the despair of a break-up.

This tendency is best seen with little kids and their ____ joy: When they get what they’ve longed for, they believe they will be happy for the rest of their lives.

And for the first few minutes of the rest of their ____, they are.

But then the kids― like ____

Although you may put off going to sleep in order to ____ more activities into your day, eventually your need for sleep becomes overwhelming and you are forced to get some sleep.

This daily drive for sleep appears to be due, in part, to a compound ____ as adenosine.

This natural chemical builds up in your blood as time ____ increases.

While you ____, your body breaks down the adenosine.

Thus, this molecule may be what your body uses to keep track of lost sleep and to trigger ____ when needed.

An accumulation of adenosine and other factors might explain why, after several nights of less than optimal amounts of sleep, you build up a ____ debt that you must make up by sleeping longer than normal.

Because of such built-in molecular feedback, you can’t ____ accustomed to getting less sleep than your body needs.

Eventually, a ____ of sleep catches up with you.

One of the things that makes uncertainty ____ for members of the public to appreciate is that the significance of uncertainty is relative.

Take, for example, the distance between Earth and the sun: 1.49597 × 10⁸ km, as measured at one ____ during the year.

This seems relatively precise; after all, using six ____ digits means I know the distance to an accuracy of one part in a million or so.

However, if the next digit is uncertain, that means the uncertainty in knowing the precise Earth-sun distance is larger than the distance between New York and ____!

Whether or not the quoted number is “precise” ____ depends on what I’m intending to do with it.

If I care only about what minute the sun will rise tomorrow, then the ____ quoted here is fine.

If I want to send a satellite to orbit just above the sun, ____, then I would need to know distances more accurately.

Richard Heinberg, an American journalist, argues that in building the renewable ____ infrastructure to stop global warming, we are actually involved in one of the greatest change projects in human history.

In addition to solar panels and wind ____, we have to build an alternative transport infrastructure, farming procedures and industrial processes.

This transformation cannot ____ without fossil fuels.

For instance, production of concrete ____ and steel elements require amounts of energy that is only possible to produce with fossil energy.

Production of solar panels requires ____ and expensive minerals which must be excavated, again requiring the use of fossil fuels.

Thus, the harder we push towards a renewable energy system, the faster we ____ to use fossil energy for the construction process.

This is not only expensive, but also an undermining ____ for our efforts to cut global emissions.

Heinberg remarks that the cost of building this new energy infrastructure is seldom counted in transition proposals, which tend to focus just on energy supply ____.

Humans for centuries have dreamed of ____ that could become intelligent and make human-like decisions.

There have been myths about robots, automatons, and artificial beings since ancient Greece (e.g., the ____ of Pandora, who released ills upon the world).

Likewise, literature throughout history has dreamed of creating human-like creatures and thinking machines (e.g., ____ Shelley’s Frankenstein).

In 1950, British mathematician Alan ____ asked whether machines could think and reason like humans and then developed the Turing test to measure a machine’s intelligence and whether the machines can think autonomously.

A few years later, MIT professor John ____ coined “artificial intelligence,” replacing the previously used expression “automata studies.”

Since then, artificial intelligence has become the study and practice of “making intelligent machines” that are programmed to think like ____ by their creators with reasoning and learning.

The desert tortoise ____ a simple solution for coping with Death Valley’s extreme heat: It avoids it.

The slow-moving creature ____ during the winter and stays in its tunnel for much of the summer, meaning that it spends more than 90 percent of its life immobile.

In fact, the tortoise usually only surfaces ____ a good rain.

Then, it gets to work. The tortoise stocks up on water by eating plants and digging holes to ____ rain.

But to stay supplied with water through ____ extended hibernation, the reptile relies on something else―its highly sophisticated bladder.

Unlike most animals, the tortoise’s ____ acts as a holding tank, allowing it to reabsorb water back into its body.

Incredibly, a desert tortoise can go a full ____ without taking in any freshwater at all.

And because its bladder is so important to a ____ survival, park rangers often remind visitors not to stop and help the slow-movers across the road.

Tortoises become so terrified ____ people pick them up that they empty their bladders, losing their precious water reserves.

Imagine you are pedalling your ____ on a level road.

You stop pedalling: no force is now acting to ____ you forward.

What happens? You ____ slow down.

How could you slow down more ____, in a shorter distance?

By putting the ____ on.

Because the brakes ____ your movement, making you slow down more suddenly, they must be exerting a force on the bicycle and you, as they grip and rub on the wheel rims.

This is the force called friction, which tends to slow down ____ things by acting in the direction opposite to movement, that is backwards.

Even without the brakes on, there are other friction forces acting on you and your bicycle, which also slow you ____.

One of these is friction in the wheels ____ on the axles.

Another is air resistance, which you can feel, pushing you backwards as ____ and the bicycle move forwards.

When you apply these ideas to something around you, like a cart, you can see what could be generating friction: mainly the axles rubbing on the ____ as they rotate.

All editing systems are now nonlinear computer-based systems that allow random ____ to any video shot or scene without having to fast forward or fast reverse to find it.

____ systems can create a range of special effects, such as slow motion, wipes and dissolves.

____ highlight of a digital nonlinear system is its random access process that makes it easy for an editor to find desired shots or scenes without having to spend time fast forwarding or rewinding videotape.

With nonlinear editing, shots or scenes can be easily added or removed anywhere in the program, and the computer adjusts the program length ____.

Linear editing was like composing a ____ on a typewriter.

If a mistake was made or new information ____ to be added the whole piece had to be retyped.

____ editing, on the other hand, is like using a word processing program.

If a mistake is made, it is easily deleted and fixed with a few keystrokes, and new information can be added ____.

A morally good person is ____ who does morally bad actions significantly less often than most and does morally good ones significantly more often than most.

In judging a person not only her ____ but also her intentions and motives are relevant.

A morally good ____ must intend to do morally good actions and intend to avoid morally bad ones.

A person who unintentionally prevents harm to others and does not harm them simply because things do not turn out as she ____ is not morally good.

Although this kind of situation generally occurs only in slapstick movies, it is worth mentioning to avoid the false impression that it is the actual consequences of a ____ actions that count toward her being judged morally good or bad.

But actual ____ are important.

A person who always tries to prevent harm but never does, is not ____ thought of as morally good.

Of such a person, it may be said that she means well; but, contrary to Kant, some ____ are necessary before she is regarded as morally good.

Vision is influenced by our ____ about reality.

In viewing a scene, we establish unconscious hierarchies that reflect our functional relationship to objects and our momentary ____.

For example, when visualizing a ____ in our mind’s eye, we tend to “see” it in profile or at some other “ready for use” angle.

One would ____ not visualize a hammer as seen from the top so that the handle is hidden by the hammer’s head.

The functional relationship we have with objects creates visual expectations that interfere with our ability to see “like a ____.”

The camera, like the human eye, sees only ____ and colors.

It documents the world impartially through a lens that is similar to the ____.

When we look at them carefully, photographs are often surprising because they don’t interpret confusing details but simply serve them up to us with a mechanical ____.

And because of their flatness, photographs often ____ areas that appear as unrecognizable colors and shapes.

“May I help ____?” are the worst four words that a retail salesperson can utter because they don’t encourage the customer to talk and put them on the defensive.

The ____ words usually draw out a negative response that stops cold a sales transaction.

Examples of better questions to use when ____ customers are “Is there anything in particular that you are looking for?” and “Are you shopping for a gift?”

If a fashion salesperson approached you with “May I help you?” chances are you would feel the ____ didn’t care.

This line is a ____ approach that is so overused by untrained and uninterested salespeople.

In fact, most of us shudder in horror on hearing these ____.

The very meaning of the question “May I help you?” implies that the customer is in trouble of some sort and ____ rescuing.

This almost always puts the customer on the ____.

“No, thank you” is usually the immediate response, ____ if the customer is actually in need of assistance.

The subconscious thought by the customer is often “I’m ____ enough to figure out what I want, and I don’t need your help!”

If customers ____ pressured or cornered, then salespeople won’t make any sales.

The approach ____ to promote a comfortable environment that makes customers feel there is no rush.

Furthermore, if customers just ____ to look around, they should feel that it is all right to do so.

In situations where customers really do want to look around on their own, salespeople should give customers their business cards and keep themselves ____ in case customers have questions or concerns.