2025년 9월 고2 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

Paradoxically, it’s uncertainty that ____ us feel most alive.

Think of events that shake you out of your everyday routine: maybe attending a family wedding, making a ____ presentation, or going somewhere you’ve never been.

It’s on those occasions that time seems to slow down a ____, and you feel more fully engaged.

The same holds true if the ____ is risky, like mountain climbing or parasailing.

Your senses are sharper. You notice ____.

Thanks to the release of a feel-good chemical in the brain called dopamine, you get a greater rush of pleasure from chance ____ with people than planned meetings.

____ news, financial rewards, and gifts are more enjoyable if they are surprises.

It’s why the most ____ television shows and movies are the ones with unexpected plot twists and astonishing endings.

A great strength of the market mechanism is that there are incentives for individuals to ____ their knowledge through their behavior.

This stands in ____ to many strategic situations―for example, in political negotiations― in which it is wise not to let the other side know what one’s true preferences or production capacities are.

A perfectly competitive market that clears on the spot leaves no ____ for such strategies.

If prices are not sticky―as many ____ assume―individuals adapt their behavior instantaneously, whenever their preferences or the circumstances change.

They stop buying items that do not satisfy their needs and stop ____ items that do not provide them with optimal gains, maybe switching to the production of other items.

If they have motivational problems, for example, falling into denial about the fact that there is no demand for their products, markets reveal to them, ____ in quite brutal ways, that they better accept this fact.

____ definitions are constantly revised to keep up with our changing uses and knowledge.

In Roman times, “addicts” were ____ who were unable to pay their debts and gave themselves as slaves to their creditors.

The word eventually came to be associated with drug dependency: one becomes a slave to ____ addiction.

The word “husband” originally referred to being a homeowner; it ____ nothing to do with being married.

But because owning your own ____ made it more likely you’d find a mate, the word eventually came to mean a male who has been wed.

On November 5th, 1605, ____ Fawkes tried to blow up the British Parliament.

He was captured and put to death. Loyalists burned his ____, which they nicknamed the “guy.”

Centuries later, the word lost ____ negative connotation and a musical named Guys and Dolls ran on Broadway.

In American slang, bad ____ good, cool means great, and wicked means excellent.

If ____ could transport yourself one hundred years into the future, you’d find yourself confused by your great-grandchildren’s speech because language itself is an ever-changing reflection of human invention.

The ____ “anchoring” was introduced by Roland Barthes who observed that text is often used next to images (his focus was on photographs) to confine meaning.

Of all possible literal or implied interpretations an image could elicit, text would point the viewer towards a desired, specific ____.

In advertising, as Barthes argues, the symbolic message does not guide identification but ____.

The viewer is not asked to recognize what they see but to understand why they see it and ____ it means to them.

By combining images with text, advertising produces symbolic meaning that is accurate and specific on the one hand, richer on the other, thus adding ____ and eliminating breadth of rational and emotional interpretations.

The headline or tagline of an ad ____ the reader through the intended meanings of the image, so that the reader avoids some and receives others.

It “remote-controls” the reader towards a meaning chosen in ____.

____ to Einstein’s theory, a large mass like the Sun ‘bends’ space-time.

Newton’s theory makes no ____ prediction.

This ____ of space-time leads to phenomena such as ‘gravitational lensing’ where the light of distant stars appears to be in different locations when they pass by a large mass like the Sun.

We ____ normally see this lensing because stars aren’t visible during the day when the Sun is out, but a solar eclipse in 1919 allowed scientists to observe what the Sun’s gravity was doing to the light from distant stars.

The stars around the Sun appeared to ____ moved from their normal positions in the night sky.

The shift was much larger than Newton’s theory predicted, but exactly in the positions predicted by Einstein’s ____.

We’re naturally wired to ____ the world into a hierarchy.

We do this to help make sense of the ____, maintain our beliefs, and generally feel better.

But when someone infringes on our place in the ____ and our understanding of how it works, we react without thinking.

When someone cuts you off on the highway and road ____ kicks in, that’s your unconscious mind saying, “Who are you to cut me off?”

You’re reacting to a threat to your inherent ____ of hierarchy.

On the road we are all ____. We’re all supposed to play by the same rules.

Cutting someone off violates those rules and implies ____ status.

Or consider when ____ get frustrated with your kids and end an argument with “Because I said so.” (Or the office equivalent: “Because I’m the boss.”)

In these moments you’ve stopped ____ and regressed to your biological tendencies of reaffirming the hierarchy.

____ a nail is hammered in, it is friction that holds it in place.

Friction is the force that arises when two surfaces are sliding, or ____ to slide, against each other.

If you try to ____ apart two blocks of wood that have been nailed together, the wood fibers grip the shaft of the nail.

The nail feels a force trying to rip it apart along its ____, and we call that force tension.

Your experiment can now fail in one of two ways-either the nail stretches and splits in ____ because the tension force is too large for the nail, or the nail comes loose because the friction force is overcome.

The force it would take to stretch the nail is much larger than the friction forces on the surface, so we don’t have to worry too much ____ the former.

____ the friction with which we need to concern ourselves.

The traditional bank manager in the 1950s was usually a respected pillar of the community, a cautious, careful sort of person who probably went to bed ____ and didn’t drink too much.

But from the 1970s a new kind of banker appeared-loud, flashy, and ____.

These bankers loved taking big ____.

They wanted to get rich quick and blow their money on ____ cars and expensive champagne.

They made their money through what’s ____ ‘speculation’.

Normally, people ____ things because they want to use them, such as wheat to make bread and petrol to run the car.

But when people speculate, they ____ things even when they have no interest in using them.

They might buy a load of wheat ____ because they think that its price is going to rise when a drought is predicted in wheat-growing areas.

If their guess is right, they ____ sell the wheat for a profit.

Paper’s mechanical ____ lend themselves to folding and bending.

The cellulose fibers of which it is made can be partially ____ in the area of maximum bend, allowing a permanent crease to form, while sufficient fibers remain undamaged for the material not to crack and fall apart.

Indeed, in this state it pretty much maintains its ability to resist being pulled apart, but it ____ also be torn easily and accurately along the crease if a point of weakness―a small, initial tear―is opened up.

This winning combination of mechanical properties ____ it to assume the shape of any object through creasing and folding―hence the art of origami.

There are very few materials as good: metal foils can hold a crease, but control of the ____ is somewhat more difficult.

Plastic sheeting doesn’t tend to ____ a crease at all, unless it is very soft, in which case it lacks the rigidity required of a good wrapping material.

So it is its ability to hold a crease while remaining stiff that makes paper uniquely suited to this ____.

____ cats can tell which kittens belong to them-when litters are mixed up they use their kittens’ scent to distinguish them from offspring of other mothers.

____ this, when faced with a selection of kittens who have wandered from the nest, her own and others that aren’t hers, a mother cat doesn’t appear to favor her own offspring when retrieving them.

The reason for this is uncertain, although distress vocalizations from kittens that are lost from their nest are known to be very powerful, so it may just be hard for the mother to resist ____ them, regardless of whether they are hers.

In the wild, a squeaking kitten out in the open is likely to ____ predators, which is bad news for any other kittens around it.

A rapid rescue of any crying kitten would be a good strategy to prevent ____ from drawing unwanted attention.

Many animals pursue a mixed strategy of accumulating both body fat and food, which ____ one to ask, “What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of these two forms of energy storage?”

Maximum ____ deposition increases with body mass whereas maximum food storage is not constrained by body size.

This means that animals, especially small animals, can accumulate much greater energy reserves in the form of stored food than they can in the ____ of body fat.

Further, stored food is more economical than ____ fat because fat contributes to body mass, and metabolic rate increases with body mass.

In other ____, there is a metabolic expense to maintaining fat.

Excessive fat accumulations may also have a negative effect on an animal’s ability to ____ predators.

And, if maintaining a high body temperature is advantageous, animals ____ be expected to accumulate more energy in the form of a food store than as body fat.

On the other ____, stored food may rot over time, may be removed by robbers, or may simply be lost.

Many ____ must expend energy managing and protecting their food stores.

Eating food and converting it to ____ avoids these types of losses and the energetic costs of managing stored food.

A large accumulation of body fat adds to an animal’s fasting capacity, especially large animals, permitting ____ animals to enter prolonged dormancy in the relative security of a hibernaculum.

Thus, both fat accumulation and food storage have some ____ advantages.