EBS 2026학년도 수능특강 영어독해연습 2강
7 구전 문화의 정보 전달의 정확성
We tend to underestimate the effectiveness of ____ cultures.
We’re all familiar with the ____ game in which a message is whispered from one person to another until it goes around a room.
The message invariably ____ distorted — sometimes with hilarious results — when the original message and the final message are compared.
But this is misleading. When it is important, oral cultures can accurately transmit information across ____ distances and through generations.
For example, American author Alex Haley was able to discover an oral record of his ancestors in Africa, and his search is described in the ____ book, Roots: The Saga of an American Family.
Similarly, the Odyssey and Iliad were originally heroic oral histories of Greek culture that were only written down many centuries ____ they were composed.
8 이로운 적응인 감정
Emotions ____ the criteria of being advantageous adaptations.
Take, for ____, two animals squaring off in a fight over food.
As they prepare to lock horns, literally or figuratively, their intense feelings prompt a repertoire of bodily ____.
When an animal’s back arches and its hair ____ on end, it appears larger and stronger.
When it bares its teeth, frowns ____ brows, makes fierce noises, or displays its horns, it signals to the other animal that fighting such a strong adversary may not be worth it.
These signals — displays of aggression — directly improve the chances that the other animal will withdraw, ____ preventing violence and avoiding potential injury or death.
Sending these signals benefits the ____, as does the ability to interpret these messages. It’s a win-win.
9 이탈리아의 문화적 정체성과 생활 방식의 변화
With the construction and furnishing of interior space from the fifteenth to the ____ century, Italians created a world in which they could develop a different style of life and in which a new culture came to be defined.
This is why so much was spent on objects, why so many new kinds of objects came into existence, why the arts ____ now in the domestic world as they had earlier in the ecclesiastical world.
Consumption was a creative force to construct a cultural ____.
In inventing all kinds of new furnishings ranging from pottery to paintings, in elaborating their forms, in refining their production, and in organizing them into new ____ arrangements within their homes, Italians discovered new values and pleasures for themselves, reordered their lives with new standards of comportment, communicated something about themselves to others — in short, generated culture, and in the process created identities for themselves.
In this cultural development there was a dynamic for change that resulted from the interaction between people and physical ____.
10 개척 정착민에게 지급된 자영 농지의 분배 방식
The distribution of US farm homesteads granted to pioneer settlers is a classic case of artificial boundaries ____ matching natural boundaries.
Properties were allocated based on surveys with regular north-south and east-west boundaries, ____ of the lay of the land.
This meant boundaries of homesteads were unrelated to boundaries of ____. Some homesteads were high and dry.
Others were ____ and wetter, but subject to flooding.
Downstream landowners ____ not control erosion and runoff from upstream properties.
Thus, an uphill landowner’s effects on the environment could harm another landowner ____, but the lower landowner had no options.
These ____ decisions have consequences to this day.
For example, one of the most challenging problems for Austin ____ Sneed grassland restoration is erosive flash-flood runoff from poorly managed upstream properties.
11 출판 편향의 오류
Publication bias means that the size of an effect could be overstated for many ____ phenomena reported in the peer-reviewed literature.
For example, suppose ____ read a few studies showing that a new behavioral therapy for depression significantly reduces symptoms of depression in patients.
If a researcher tests the effectiveness of this ____ behavioral therapy and finds no effect, it is likely that no peer-reviewed journal will accept the manuscript, so you will never find it or read about it.
It is therefore possible that the effectiveness of this therapy is overstated ____ studies failing to show an effect are not included in the published peer-reviewed literature.
Researchers stated that “scientific progress is made by ____ the bulk of current knowledge,” and the publication bias compromises this trust.
Keep in mind that while positive results reported in the peer-reviewed literature can certainly be trusted, also take caution in knowing that many negative ____ may not be included in your search.
12 경제에서의 긍정적인 피드백 함정
Relying on economic growth to overcome economic problems suffers a positive ____ pitfall.
Governments encourage increased economic production as a means of lifting the poor out of poverty and satisfying the demands of the ____, but the appeal of the resulting new products creates new wants that get satisfied with new income generated from yet more production.
In other words, people work to earn money to satisfy wants (and of course needs), but their effort results in production of goods, including new innovations, that, when marketed, increase others’ ____.
Those others then work to satisfy their new wants, ____ yet more goods marketed to others, and so on in a positive feedback that grinds away at the planet’s stock of resources and generates more waste and new types of wastes whose consequences we only partially understand.
Reflecting on this circumstance, the wise ____ Ishmael in Daniel Quinn’s novel of the same name describes modern humans as prisoners of a mother culture, employed in a prison industry — consuming the world.