2025년 9월 고2 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

____, it’s uncertainty that makes us feel most alive.

Think of events that shake you out of your ____ routine: maybe attending a family wedding, making a big presentation, or going somewhere you’ve never been.

____ on those occasions that time seems to slow down a little, and you feel more fully engaged.

The same holds true if the ____ is risky, like mountain climbing or parasailing.

Your ____ are sharper. You notice more.

Thanks to the release of a feel-good chemical in the ____ called dopamine, you get a greater rush of pleasure from chance encounters with people than planned meetings.

Good news, ____ rewards, and gifts are more enjoyable if they are surprises.

It’s why the most popular television shows and movies are the ones with unexpected plot ____ and astonishing endings.

A great strength of the market mechanism is that ____ are incentives for individuals to reveal their knowledge through their behavior.

This stands in contrast to many strategic situations―for example, in political negotiations― in ____ it is wise not to let the other side know what one’s true preferences or production capacities are.

A perfectly competitive market that clears on the spot ____ no room for such strategies.

If prices are not sticky―as many ____ assume―individuals adapt their behavior instantaneously, whenever their preferences or the circumstances change.

They stop buying items that do not satisfy their needs and ____ selling items that do not provide them with optimal gains, maybe switching to the production of other items.

If they have motivational problems, for example, falling into denial about the fact that there is no demand for their ____, markets reveal to them, sometimes in quite brutal ways, that they better accept this fact.

Dictionary definitions are ____ revised to keep up with our changing uses and knowledge.

In Roman times, “addicts” were ____ who were unable to pay their debts and gave themselves as slaves to their creditors.

The word eventually came to be associated with drug dependency: one becomes a ____ to one’s addiction.

The word “husband” originally referred to being a homeowner; it had nothing to do with being ____.

But because owning your own property made it more likely you’d find a ____, the word eventually came to mean a male who has been wed.

On November 5th, 1605, Guy Fawkes ____ to blow up the British Parliament.

He was captured and put to death. Loyalists burned his effigy, which they nicknamed the “____.”

Centuries later, the word lost its negative connotation and a ____ named Guys and Dolls ran on Broadway.

In American slang, bad means good, cool means great, and wicked means ____.

If you could transport yourself one hundred years into the future, you’d find ____ confused by your great-grandchildren’s speech because language itself is an ever-changing reflection of human invention.

The term “____” was introduced by Roland Barthes who observed that text is often used next to images (his focus was on photographs) to confine meaning.

Of all ____ literal or implied interpretations an image could elicit, text would point the viewer towards a desired, specific direction.

In advertising, as Barthes argues, the symbolic message does ____ guide identification but interpretation.

The viewer is not asked to recognize what they see but to understand why they ____ it and what it means to them.

By combining images with ____, advertising produces symbolic meaning that is accurate and specific on the one hand, richer on the other, thus adding depth and eliminating breadth of rational and emotional interpretations.

The headline or tagline of an ad directs the ____ through the intended meanings of the image, so that the reader avoids some and receives others.

It “remote-controls” the reader towards a meaning ____ in advance.

According to Einstein’s ____, a large mass like the Sun ‘bends’ space-time.

Newton’s ____ makes no such prediction.

This bending of space-time leads to phenomena such as ‘gravitational lensing’ where the light of distant stars ____ to be in different locations when they pass by a large mass like the Sun.

We ____ normally see this lensing because stars aren’t visible during the day when the Sun is out, but a solar eclipse in 1919 allowed scientists to observe what the Sun’s gravity was doing to the light from distant stars.

The stars around the ____ appeared to have moved from their normal positions in the night sky.

The shift was much larger than Newton’s theory predicted, but exactly in the positions ____ by Einstein’s theory.

We’re naturally wired to organize the world into a ____.

We do this to help ____ sense of the world, maintain our beliefs, and generally feel better.

But when someone infringes on our place in the world and our understanding of ____ it works, we react without thinking.

When someone cuts you off on the highway and road ____ kicks in, that’s your unconscious mind saying, “Who are you to cut me off?”

You’re reacting to a threat to your ____ sense of hierarchy.

On the road we are all ____. We’re all supposed to play by the same rules.

Cutting someone off violates ____ rules and implies higher status.

Or consider when ____ get frustrated with your kids and end an argument with “Because I said so.” (Or the office equivalent: “Because I’m the boss.”)

In these ____ you’ve stopped thinking and regressed to your biological tendencies of reaffirming the hierarchy.

____ a nail is hammered in, it is friction that holds it in place.

Friction is the force that arises ____ two surfaces are sliding, or trying to slide, against each other.

If you try to pull apart two blocks of wood that have ____ nailed together, the wood fibers grip the shaft of the nail.

The nail ____ a force trying to rip it apart along its length, and we call that force tension.

Your experiment can now fail in one of two ways-either the nail stretches and splits in half because the tension force is ____ large for the nail, or the nail comes loose because the friction force is overcome.

The force it would take to stretch the nail is much larger than the friction forces on the surface, so we don’t ____ to worry too much about the former.

____ the friction with which we need to concern ourselves.

The traditional bank manager in the 1950s was usually a respected ____ of the community, a cautious, careful sort of person who probably went to bed early and didn’t drink too much.

But from the 1970s a new kind of banker ____, flashy, and arrogant.

These bankers loved ____ big risks.

They ____ to get rich quick and blow their money on fast cars and expensive champagne.

They ____ their money through what’s called ‘speculation’.

Normally, people buy things because they ____ to use them, such as wheat to make bread and petrol to run the car.

But when people speculate, they buy things ____ when they have no interest in using them.

They might buy a load of wheat simply because they think that its price is going to ____ when a drought is predicted in wheat-growing areas.

If their guess is right, they ____ sell the wheat for a profit.

Paper’s ____ properties lend themselves to folding and bending.

The cellulose fibers of which it is made can be ____ snapped in the area of maximum bend, allowing a permanent crease to form, while sufficient fibers remain undamaged for the material not to crack and fall apart.

Indeed, in this state it pretty much maintains its ability to resist being ____ apart, but it can also be torn easily and accurately along the crease if a point of weakness―a small, initial tear―is opened up.

This winning combination of mechanical ____ allows it to assume the shape of any object through creasing and folding―hence the art of origami.

There are very few materials as good: metal foils can hold a crease, but control of the crease is somewhat ____ difficult.

Plastic sheeting doesn’t tend to hold a crease at ____, unless it is very soft, in which case it lacks the rigidity required of a good wrapping material.

So it is its ____ to hold a crease while remaining stiff that makes paper uniquely suited to this purpose.

Mother cats can tell which kittens belong to them-when litters are ____ up they use their kittens’ scent to distinguish them from offspring of other mothers.

Despite this, when faced with a selection of kittens who have wandered from the nest, her own and ____ that aren’t hers, a mother cat doesn’t appear to favor her own offspring when retrieving them.

The reason for this is uncertain, although distress vocalizations ____ kittens that are lost from their nest are known to be very powerful, so it may just be hard for the mother to resist retrieving them, regardless of whether they are hers.

In the ____, a squeaking kitten out in the open is likely to attract predators, which is bad news for any other kittens around it.

A rapid rescue of any crying kitten would be a good strategy to prevent them from ____ unwanted attention.

Many animals pursue a mixed strategy of accumulating both body fat and food, which leads one to ask, “____ are the relative advantages and disadvantages of these two forms of energy storage?”

Maximum fat deposition increases with body mass whereas maximum food ____ is not constrained by body size.

This means that animals, especially small animals, can accumulate much greater energy reserves in the form of stored ____ than they can in the form of body fat.

Further, stored food is more economical than body fat because fat contributes to body ____, and metabolic rate increases with body mass.

In ____ words, there is a metabolic expense to maintaining fat.

Excessive fat ____ may also have a negative effect on an animal’s ability to avoid predators.

And, if maintaining a high body temperature is advantageous, animals might be expected to accumulate more energy in the form of a food store than as ____ fat.

On the other hand, stored food may rot over time, may be removed by robbers, or may ____ be lost.

Many animals must ____ energy managing and protecting their food stores.

Eating food and converting it to fat avoids these types of losses and the energetic costs of managing stored ____.

A large accumulation of body fat adds to an animal’s fasting capacity, especially large animals, permitting some animals to enter prolonged dormancy in the relative security of a ____.

Thus, both fat accumulation and ____ storage have some decided advantages.