2025년 10월 고3 모의고사 빈칸 변형 (31-42번)

As a general rule, when the individuals of a population encounter a new environmental stress, some individuals in the population will die prematurely and some individuals will ____.

If the reason for their survival (such as a slightly enhanced ability or trait) can be passed on to their offspring (that is, it's genetically encoded), then the next generation should be better able to withstand the newly ____ environmental stress, and the population overall will be less susceptible to it.

Therefore, the key to the ability of a population to survive by adaptation lies in the rapidity with which the next generation, the more resistant generation, is produced by the ____ of this generation.

It follows that those species capable of producing a new generation very quickly should be better able to respond to a stress ____ quickly.

Those species that require more ____ for reproduction will be slower to adapt to the stress because of the additional time needed for them to produce stress-tolerant offspring.

The digital age has brought ____ advancements in communication.

A message that might have taken weeks to deliver by ____ can now be sent in seconds.

Yet, in this shift toward efficiency, we've lost something essential: the ____ of face-to-face interaction.

Think about it — when you communicate through a ____ or email, you're missing out on nonverbal cues like facial expressions, tone of voice, and body language.

These ____ carry emotional weight, helping us to interpret meaning and intent.

Without them, our ____ of others' emotions is often incomplete, leading to confusion and frustration.

Take, for instance, a short ____ to an email: "Okay."

Depending on the context, the sender's ____ might be neutral, annoyed, or even sarcastic.

But without vocal inflections or facial expressions to ____ us, we are left guessing.

This is why digital communication ____ heightened emotional awareness — not only to express ourselves effectively but also to decode the emotions behind the words we receive.

Our ____ relation to self-determination is open to error and, thus, subjective.

Turning oneself into an agent of a particular kind by conceiving of oneself as that type of agent does not suffice to make it the case that one ____ is that type of agent.

Just imagine someone who believes himself to be a natural ____ tango dancer.

He has ____ many videos about tango dancing and practices dancing by himself for many years.

Having prepared himself for a glorious entrance on the international ____, he travels to Buenos Aires and shows up at Maldita Milonga to show his skills.

Unbeknownst to him, though, his dancing (if dancing it be) does not even remotely resemble tango, and ____ he does on stage can be recognized as tango dancing.

____, while he conceived of himself as a tango dancer and did many things in light of that self-conception,

including buying a ticket to Buenos Aires, dressing up, consuming hours of tango videos, reading books about ____, learning Spanish, etc.

he ____ at meeting some of the minimal norms of actually being a tango dancer at all.

What makes social attention distinct, and more far­reaching than many other forms of social connection, is that it can live outside of the actual ____ we have.

You can't have a relationship with a celebrity unless you know ____ and he knows you.

But a celebrity can be the object of your ____ attention.

And this ____ of one­sided social attention isn't something trivial or secondary, but an enormous part of our lives.

In tenth grade, you can spend most of your waking hours ____ about a high school senior you have a crush on.

As an adult, ____ might find yourself having imaginary arguments in your head with a certain media personality.

Think for a moment of the ____ of strangers we have in our heads that we put our social attention on — from athletes we root for or jeer, to celebrities, to people whose struggle we encounter in the news.

An enormous ____ of our social attention falls upon people who do not know us at all.

We often use the word ignorance to ____ a primitive or foolish set of beliefs.

In fact, I would say that "____" is often primitive or foolish, and the recognition of ignorance is the beginning of scientific discourse.

When we admit that something is unknown and inexplicable, then we admit ____ that it is worthy of investigation.

____ Helfand, the astronomer, traces how our view of the wind evolved from the primitive to the scientific: first "the wind is angry," followed by "the wind god is angry," and finally "the wind is a measurable form of energy."

The first two statements provide a ____ explanation but are clearly ignorant; the third shows our ignorance (we can't predict or alter the weather yet) but is surely less ignorant.

Explanation rather than ignorance is the ____ of intellectual narrowness.

____ propositions about lotteries are extremely likely to be true.

Consider the ____ 'any given ticket in a ten-­million ticket lottery is a losing ticket'.

Despite being overwhelmingly likely to be true, many philosophers think that such propositions, based on probabilities alone, are different from other propositions we regularly rely ____.

It's been popular to suppose, for ____, that we don't know that we have lost the lottery just by reflecting on how unlikely winning is.

This is puzzling, because there are many things we take ourselves to know even though we presumably have more than a one­-in-­ten-­million chance of ____ wrong.

For example, you might know you will attend a meeting later, even though occasionally meetings get cancelled unexpectedly — and surely more ____ than one­-in-­ten-­million meetings!

If we want to avoid conceding that the scope of our knowledge is much more limited ____ usually supposed, there must be some difference between the probabilistic evidence we have about the lottery and evidence for regular things that we do know.

In everyday life, most people think that ____ effects are things that show up during a media exposure or immediately afterward.

Of course some effects do ____ up immediately, but other effects may take a long time to manifest themselves.

Let's say you see an ad for a product on a ____ and you click on a buy now button to buy that product.

This is an example of a media message triggering an ____ effect — a buying behavior — on you.

But let's say you did not click on the ____ now button to buy the product; does this mean there was no media effect?

Perhaps, but ____ perhaps not.

If you continually expose yourself to ads in the media, you may gradually over time come to believe that you have more ____ than you really have and that all of those needs can be easily satisfied by buying particular products.

This is a long-term effect on what you believe; it cannot be attributed to any ____ media exposure but instead gradually builds up in a steady drip-drip-drip manner over time.

____ its invention at the end of the nineteenth century, the automobile remained a machine that had to be controlled by a human driver.

Without human control of steering wheel, ____ pedal and brakes none of the billions of miles could have been traversed by the billions of cars in the world: A car always needed the driving skills of a human to fulfill its function.

Without a driver, it would ____ been only an immobile artifact, left to stand still in its parking lot.

In the early years of motoring, this necessity of a human ____ was not seen as a barrier.

Manual ____ promised to fulfill the human dream of individual mobility and freedom, of self-guidance, of autonomy.

But with the emerging mass automobility in the first decades of the twentieth century, the negative ____ of human agency behind the steering wheel — accidents for example — became a serious topic of concern.

It is no surprise that the fantasy of a self-driving car, a ____ that can navigate without a human driver, can be dated to this period.

That the brain had limitations on the amount of information processing it could ____ was not news to psychologists.

Indeed, about 15 years earlier, Miller showed this with his famous paper on the limited capacity of ____ memory.

____ was novel was the connection between categorization and stereotyping, and that categorization was an inevitable aspect of human cognition.

At any given second, there are hundreds, even thousands, of different stimuli that can be perceived in our immediate ____.

If we had to constantly think carefully about every one of those stimuli (or even a small subset thereof), in order to understand its nature and function, we would ____ get anything done!

Instead, we learn about different stimuli, and tend to ____ them in terms of common features, attributes, or functions.

This categorization ____ then becomes so well practiced as to become automatic, and it frees up our consciousness to attend to things that are novel in our environment, or to our current task.

Thus, ____ helps us reduce the complexity of the stimuli in our social environment.

Cinema and law ____ the same subjects and audience.

Rather than an abstract desire for truth as a value in itself, the law deals with the messiness of ____ relations.

Both disciplines struggle with what it means to be human and try to communicate to us something about our existence; both are human artifacts directed at ____.

Indeed, foundational to law is its anxiety about human nature: ____ desires freedom but is simultaneously too violent to exist in a state of nature without a regime of commands and prohibitions.

However, ____ is also an important difference here that makes a study of the interaction between cinema and law interesting: while cinema expresses man's affective life, the law keeps it in check.

It tries to ensure that we are not ____ and destroyed by our desires and drives.

The law obsessively tries to suppress affects, fearing the ____ of their consequences, whereas cinema introduces us to our affects, often forcing us to identify the most unbearable ones in ourselves.

Cinema and law are both human ____ that explore humanity, yet they differ in how they handle emotion — cinema has us confront it, and law imposes limits on it.

Few pick up a novel and criticize it because the situations it ____ and the people it contains never existed in real life.

Perhaps ____ when we should criticize fiction for giving us inaccurate or biased views of the state of the world, it generally escapes our scorn.

It's only fiction, we say. But of course fiction is more than just something ____ up.

If it were only that, we would not bother engaging with it, and it would not occupy such a large ____ of our lives.

Humans are drawn to fiction, to invented stories, in a way ____ among animals.

If we think about this, it may seem odd — why should we be interested in reading or watching on screen a story that never happened, and in many cases that could never happen, the travails of people who ____ existed and could never exist?

Why do we enjoy this? What do we get ____ of it?

We're not learning anything about the world, we're not gaining any kind of useful experience that will help us navigate our lives more ____, we're not learning any new skill or developing any new material.

Most of us of course will argue that there is a great deal of value in engaging with fiction and other kinds of art, even though these things may teach us nothing ____ the world or generate art-independent skills.

After all, we spend significant amounts of our time engaging with ____ fiction.

It is no surprise that films, television and sports, video games, novels, and the like, are billion-dollar ____.