2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 5강
7 화산이 날씨에 미치는 영향
The impacts that volcanoes can have on the weather can extend well beyond the eruption site; they are one of the largest drivers of climate change ____ geological timescales.
The ____ majority of the 65,500 billion tons of carbon on Earth is held within rocks.
The remainder resides in the oceans, atmosphere, plants, ____ and fossil fuels.
Carbon dioxide inside Earth is released continually during volcanic eruptions, and before the Industrial Revolution volcanoes were the largest source of carbon dioxide ____ Earth’s atmosphere.
However, the release of carbon is largely regulated by the natural carbon cycle, which draws down as much carbon from the atmosphere as volcanoes release into it, acting as a planetary ____ thermostat.
If temperatures increase due to a period of intense volcanism, more carbon will be drawn down from the atmosphere, ____ will take temperatures back to their previous levels.
However, given the slow rate of some of these ____ reactions it can take hundreds of thousands of years for the system to stabilize.
8 음반을 통한 음악 전수
Ignacio Varchausky from the Buenos Aires tango orchestra El Arranque ____ in the documentary Si Sos Brujo that he and others tried learning from records how the older orchestras did what they did, but it was difficult, almost impossible.
Eventually, El Arranque had to find the surviving players from those ensembles and ask them ____ it was done.
The older players had to physically show the younger players how to replicate the effects they got, and which notes and beats ____ be emphasized.
So, to some extent, music is still an oral (and physical) tradition, handed ____ from one person to another.
Records may do a lot to preserve music and disseminate it, but they can’t do ____ direct transmission does.
In that same documentary, Wynton Marsalis says that the learning, the baton passing, happens on the bandstand — ____ has to play with others, to learn by watching and imitating.
For Varchausky, when those older players are gone, the traditions (and ____) will be lost if their knowledge is not passed on directly.
History and ____ can’t really be preserved by technology alone.
9 의사소통 목적에 따른 적절한 기술 사용
Teams have many communication technologies at their disposal, ranging from ____ and chat platforms to web conferencing and videoconferencing.
People often default to using the tool that is most ____ or familiar to them, but some technologies are better suited to certain tasks than others, and choosing the wrong one can lead to trouble.
Communication tools differ along a number of dimensions, including information richness (or the capacity to transfer nonverbal and other cues that help people interpret meaning) and the ____ of real-time interaction that is possible.
A team’s ____ tasks likewise vary in complexity, depending on the need to reconcile different viewpoints, give and receive feedback, or avoid the potential for misunderstanding.
The purpose of the communication should ____ the delivery mechanism.
So ____ consider your goals.
Use leaner, text-based media such as email, chat, and bulletin boards when pushing information in one direction — for instance, when circulating routine information and plans, sharing ____, and collecting simple data.
Web conferencing and videoconferencing are richer, more interactive tools ____ suited to complex tasks such as problem solving and negotiation, which require squaring different ideas and perspectives.
10 동물의 미래 지향적인 행동
Animals ____ engage in future-oriented behaviors, from nest-building to hibernation.
Clearly these behaviors are functionally prospective, but the extent to which they are controlled by cognitive processes remains an open ____.
Migrating birds, for example, travel long distances to avoid cold winters, without ever having experienced a winter, warmer climates, or the ____ of travel.
These birds are unable to know what it is they are avoiding and ____ this course of action benefits them.
Indeed, when two bird populations with different migratory paths are cross-bred, the resulting offspring migrate in a direction halfway between that of their ____, suggesting that direction of migration is genetically determined.
From this example we can see that not all prospective behaviors ____ be considered to involve awareness of the future, but may instead be automatic responses to natural (e.g., seasonal changes in day length or hormones), or learned, cues.
11 토양과 식물 간의 상호 작용
Soil and the plants that grow in it are continually interacting in many ways, both directly and through the effects of the many kinds of bacteria, fungi and other small organisms that are ____ present.
Most ____, plants are continually dropping leaves and other parts which fall to the ground to rot in place where they release their nutrients, although in some drier climates, lightning-set fires are necessary to liberate the mineral nutrients present in the plant litter.
In any case, most of the nutrients present in dead plant material end up ____ in the soil, while the vast networks of plant roots and fungal threads join with bacteria, lichens and sticky humus to effectively hold the soil together even in the face of heavy rains and strong winds.
The result is ____ and continuous recycling of plant nutrients which are capable of moving back and forth between the soil and the plants almost indefinitely.
Soil is also a vast storehouse for the seeds and spores produced by the ____ plants, a key factor in allowing vegetation to regenerate following disturbance.
12 진화의 속도
When Darwin developed his theory of natural selection, he imagined evolution unrolling on geological timescales: the way a glacier sculpts a valley or weather beats on a ____, so time molds one species into another.
Such was the conventional wisdom for over a ____.
But in the late twentieth century, our understanding of evolution started to change, ____ in no small part to the continuing study of the Galápagos finches that Darwin himself had observed on the
It turns out that evolution works far more quickly than Darwin ____.
The finches of the Galápagos ____ on timescales we can observe.
In 1983, for instance, a year with superabundant rainfall, a species of ____ with tiny seeds overran the flora of Daphne Island.
The birds with the smallest and pointiest beaks were suddenly, and ____, advantaged.
Their genes ____ spread.
Selection for traits can happen over the course of ____ or decades, not just eons.
And Darwin’s finches are exemplary, ____ exceptional.
They are a privileged case of the paradigm that the biologist ____ Thompson has called “relentless evolution.”