2026 수특 영독연 5강 변형문제 (1~6번)

Cooperation is a hallmark of ____ society.

____ merely do people behave considerately toward complete strangers, they sometimes make substantial financial and even physical sacrifices for them.

Such ____ seems impossible to explain with classic models of the evolution of altruism where cooperation between unrelated others can arise only when the same individuals interact repeatedly.

However, ____ models of the evolution of human sociality and the results of experiments to test them suggest that a sense of fairness and other foundations of morality have deep evolutionary roots.

Such models consider processes at the level of groups of individuals, but ____ relying on the discredited notion of group selection in which individuals act “for the good of the group.”

Genes promoting prosocial tendencies in ____ can arise when groups compete in ways argued to be characteristic of the early stages of human evolution.

In particular, such conditions may have promoted the evolution of strong reciprocity, a tendency to cooperate with anonymous unrelated others and to ____ those who do not do the same even when doing so is costly to the punisher.

____ is a hallmark of human society.

Not merely do people behave considerately toward complete ____, they sometimes make substantial financial and even physical sacrifices for them.

Such behavior seems impossible to explain with classic models of the ____ of altruism where cooperation between unrelated others can arise only when the same individuals interact repeatedly.

However, new models of the evolution of human sociality and the results of experiments to test them suggest that a sense of fairness and other foundations of morality have ____ evolutionary roots.

____ models consider processes at the level of groups of individuals, but without relying on the discredited notion of group selection in which individuals act “for the good of the group.”

Genes promoting prosocial tendencies in individuals can arise when groups ____ in ways argued to be characteristic of the early stages of human evolution.

In particular, such conditions may have promoted the evolution of strong reciprocity, a tendency to cooperate with anonymous unrelated others and to punish those who do not do the same even when doing so is ____ to the punisher.

On the one hand, the astonishing success of modern science in predicting and explaining the world ____ to justify relying on it and bestowing extraordinary power to scientific institutions (especially in the form of public funding).

On the ____ hand, the dominant societal position of science risks marginalizing alternative forms of knowledge acquisition.

____ not clear that there still is a fair competition between science and its alternatives;

and it’s not straightforward that science has to prove ____ epistemic superiority in the 21st century in a way comparable to the period of the scientific revolution (16th-18th centuries).

This is Paul Feyerabend’s major argument in Science in a Free Society, which he casts as: “today science prevails not because of its comparative merits, but because the show has been ____ in its favour.”

So, Feyerabend insists, the fact that science has been the most appropriate means for addressing problems in the past ____ warrant that it’s also the most reliable form of knowledge acquisition for our current and future problems.

A hallmark of immigrant parents that has been found across socioeconomic groups and countries of origin is that ____ immigrant parents place a high value on the educational achievement of their adolescent children.

Immigrant parents tend to view earning good grades, finishing high school, and attending college as the primary means through which their ____ can establish themselves in their country of destination.

Compared to native-born parents with ____ education levels, immigrant parents have been found to have higher educational aspirations for their children.

Immigrant adolescents internalize their parents’ values regarding the importance of education and tend to study more and ____ more effort to their schoolwork than do nonimmigrant adolescents.

During adolescence, immigrants’ peer groups often become more segregated from nonimmigrants’ peer groups, with the immigrant ____ supporting their peers’ academic achievement, particularly for higher SES (socioeconomic status) adolescents.

In ____ speaking, delivery with little or no preparation is called impromptu speaking.

You ____ in impromptu speaking every day as you communicate thoughts and ideas that spring up in the moment with no preparation or practice whatsoever.

For example, when you answer a question in class or speak up during a ____ of a campus organization, you’re using impromptu speaking.

In this respect, impromptu speaking is simply another way to use the basic communication skills ____ already have and use regularly.

Learning how to express yourself on the spot without relying on research, extensive preparation, or notes will help you do well in your ____ speaking class and in less-structured speaking situations beyond the classroom.

In addition, developing your ____ speaking skills increases your confidence and decreases your speaking anxiety in any presentation context.

In principle, ____ is an intuitively plausible relationship between profit and team quality. Fans like to watch exciting games where the outcome is uncertain.

This is a ____ of competitive balance between the opponents.

Tight, hard-fought games are more fun to watch than lopsided games in ____ the outcome is never in doubt.

However, fans also prefer to see their team win. As a result, attendance should ____ with improvement in the team’s performance.

Presumably, better teams win ____ than weaker teams.

Thus, ____ team quality should translate into more wins and therefore increased attendance.

With a given ____ of prices, increased attendance turns into increased revenue from gate receipts, parking, and concessions.

This increased revenue should lead to higher profit, but it costs more to field a higher-quality team than a lower-quality ____.

Consequently, there is a trade-off and therefore an optimal level of team quality that will vary from team to team depending on variation in the fan ____.