2025년 9월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

Whether we feel happy or sad, content or discontent, is not determined merely by each individual successive moment of life experience― ____ good thing happens and I’m happy, a bad thing happens and I’m sad.

While our experiences affect our ____ we are not blown in a completely new direction by each gust of wind.

As humans, we adjust― to new information and ____ both good and bad― and return to our personal default level of well-being.

There will be highs and lows, but over time, like water seeking its own level, we are pulled toward our baseline― back up after bad news and ____ down after good.

The euphoria of first love fades, and ____ does the despair of a break-up.

This tendency is best seen with little kids ____ their toy joy: When they get what they’ve longed for, they believe they will be happy for the rest of their lives.

And for the first few minutes ____ the rest of their lives, they are.

But then the ____ like adults―adapt.

Although you may put off going to sleep in order to squeeze more activities into your day, eventually your need for sleep becomes overwhelming ____ you are forced to get some sleep.

This daily drive for sleep appears ____ be due, in part, to a compound known as adenosine.

This natural chemical builds up in your blood as ____ awake increases.

While you sleep, ____ body breaks down the adenosine.

____ this molecule may be what your body uses to keep track of lost sleep and to trigger sleep when needed.

____ accumulation of adenosine and other factors might explain why, after several nights of less than optimal amounts of sleep, you build up a sleep debt that you must make up by sleeping longer than normal.

Because of such built-in molecular feedback, you can’t become accustomed ____ getting less sleep than your body needs.

Eventually, a lack of sleep ____ up with you.

One of the things that makes uncertainty difficult for members of the public to appreciate is that the significance of uncertainty ____ relative.

Take, for example, the distance between Earth and the ____ 1.49597 × 10⁸ km, as measured at one point during the year.

This seems relatively precise; ____ all, using six significant digits means I know the distance to an accuracy of one part in a million or so.

However, if the next ____ is uncertain, that means the uncertainty in knowing the precise Earth-sun distance is larger than the distance between New York and Chicago!

Whether or not the quoted number is “precise” therefore depends on what I’m intending to do with ____

If I care only about what minute the sun will rise tomorrow, then ____ number quoted here is fine.

If I want to ____ a satellite to orbit just above the sun, however, then I would need to know distances more accurately.

Richard Heinberg, an American journalist, argues that in building the renewable energy infrastructure to stop global warming, we are actually involved in one of the ____ change projects in human history.

In addition to solar panels and wind turbines, we have to build an alternative transport infrastructure, farming ____ and industrial processes.

This transformation ____ happen without fossil fuels.

For instance, production of concrete structures and steel elements require ____ of energy that is only possible to produce with fossil energy.

Production of solar panels requires scarce and expensive minerals which must be ____ again requiring the use of fossil fuels.

Thus, the harder we ____ towards a renewable energy system, the faster we have to use fossil energy for the construction process.

____ is not only expensive, but also an undermining factor for our efforts to cut global emissions.

Heinberg remarks that the cost of building this new ____ infrastructure is seldom counted in transition proposals, which tend to focus just on energy supply requirements.

Humans for centuries have dreamed of machines that could ____ intelligent and make human-like decisions.

There have been myths about robots, automatons, and artificial beings since ancient Greece (e.g., the myth of Pandora, who released ills upon ____ world).

Likewise, literature throughout history has dreamed of creating human-like creatures and thinking machines ____ Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein).

In 1950, British ____ Alan Turing asked whether machines could think and reason like humans and then developed the Turing test to measure a machine’s intelligence and whether the machines can think autonomously.

A few ____ later, MIT professor John McCarthy coined “artificial intelligence,” replacing the previously used expression “automata studies.”

Since then, ____ intelligence has become the study and practice of “making intelligent machines” that are programmed to think like humans―endowed by their creators with reasoning and learning.

The desert tortoise has a simple solution for coping with Death Valley’s extreme heat: It avoids ____

The slow-moving creature hibernates during the winter and stays in its tunnel for much of ____ summer, meaning that it spends more than 90 percent of its life immobile.

In fact, the tortoise usually only surfaces after ____ good rain.

Then, it gets to work. The tortoise stocks ____ on water by eating plants and digging holes to collect rain.

____ to stay supplied with water through its extended hibernation, the reptile relies on something else―its highly sophisticated bladder.

Unlike most animals, the tortoise’s bladder ____ as a holding tank, allowing it to reabsorb water back into its body.

Incredibly, a desert tortoise can go a ____ year without taking in any freshwater at all.

And because its bladder is so important to a tortoise’s survival, park rangers often remind visitors not ____ stop and help the slow-movers across the road.

Tortoises become ____ terrified when people pick them up that they empty their bladders, losing their precious water reserves.

Imagine you are pedalling your bicycle ____ a level road.

You stop pedalling: no force ____ now acting to move you forward.

What happens? ____ gradually slow down.

How could you slow down ____ suddenly, in a shorter distance?

____ putting the brakes on.

Because the brakes change your movement, making you slow down more suddenly, they must be exerting a force on the bicycle and you, as ____ grip and rub on the wheel rims.

This is the force called friction, which ____ to slow down moving things by acting in the direction opposite to movement, that is backwards.

Even without the brakes on, there are other friction forces acting on you ____ your bicycle, which also slow you down.

One of these is friction in ____ wheels rubbing on the axles.

Another is air resistance, which you can feel, pushing you backwards as you ____ the bicycle move forwards.

When you apply these ideas to something around you, like ____ cart, you can see what could be generating friction: mainly the axles rubbing on the body as they rotate.

All editing systems are now nonlinear computer-based systems that allow random access to any video shot or scene without having to fast forward or fast reverse ____ find it.

Nonlinear systems can create a range of special effects, such as slow ____ wipes and dissolves.

Another highlight of a digital nonlinear system is its ____ access process that makes it easy for an editor to find desired shots or scenes without having to spend time fast forwarding or rewinding videotape.

With nonlinear editing, shots ____ scenes can be easily added or removed anywhere in the program, and the computer adjusts the program length automatically.

Linear editing was like composing ____ paper on a typewriter.

If a mistake was made or new information needed to be added the whole piece ____ to be retyped.

Nonlinear editing, on the other ____ is like using a word processing program.

If a mistake is made, it ____ easily deleted and fixed with a few keystrokes, and new information can be added easily.

A morally good person is one who does morally bad actions significantly less ____ than most and does morally good ones significantly more often than most.

In ____ a person not only her actions but also her intentions and motives are relevant.

A ____ good person must intend to do morally good actions and intend to avoid morally bad ones.

A person who unintentionally prevents harm to others and does not harm them simply because things do not turn out as she ____ is not morally good.

Although this kind of situation generally occurs only in ____ movies, it is worth mentioning to avoid the false impression that it is the actual consequences of a person’s actions that count toward her being judged morally good or bad.

But actual ____ are important.

A person who always tries to prevent harm but never does, is not generally thought of as morally ____

Of such a person, it may be said ____ she means well; but, contrary to Kant, some results are necessary before she is regarded as morally good.

Vision is ____ by our preconceptions about reality.

In ____ a scene, we establish unconscious hierarchies that reflect our functional relationship to objects and our momentary priorities.

For example, when visualizing a hammer in our mind’s eye, we tend to “see” it in profile or at some other ____ for use” angle.

One would probably not visualize a hammer as seen from the top so that the handle is hidden ____ the hammer’s head.

The functional relationship we have with objects creates visual ____ that interfere with our ability to see “like a camera.”

The camera, like the human eye, ____ only shapes and colors.

____ documents the world impartially through a lens that is similar to the eye.

When we look at them carefully, photographs are often surprising because they don’t interpret ____ details but simply serve them up to us with a mechanical indifference.

And because of their flatness, photographs often contain ____ that appear as unrecognizable colors and shapes.

“May I help you?” are the worst four words that a retail salesperson ____ utter because they don’t encourage the customer to talk and put them on the defensive.

The four words usually draw out a negative response that stops cold ____ sales transaction.

Examples of better ____ to use when approaching customers are “Is there anything in particular that you are looking for?” and “Are you shopping for a gift?”

If a fashion salesperson approached ____ with “May I help you?” chances are you would feel the salesperson didn’t care.

This line is a rote approach that is ____ overused by untrained and uninterested salespeople.

In fact, ____ of us shudder in horror on hearing these words.

The very ____ of the question “May I help you?” implies that the customer is in trouble of some sort and needs rescuing.

This almost always ____ the customer on the defense.

“No, thank you” is usually the ____ response, even if the customer is actually in need of assistance.

The subconscious thought by the customer is often “I’m smart enough ____ figure out what I want, and I don’t need your help!”

If customers feel pressured or ____ then salespeople won’t make any sales.

The approach has to ____ a comfortable environment that makes customers feel there is no rush.

Furthermore, if customers just want to look around, they should feel that ____ is all right to do so.

In situations where customers really do want to look around on their own, salespeople should ____ customers their business cards and keep themselves accessible in case customers have questions or concerns.