2025년 9월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

Whether we feel happy or sad, content or discontent, is not determined merely by each individual successive moment of ____ experience― a good thing happens and I’m happy, a bad thing happens and I’m sad.

While our experiences affect our mood, we are not blown in a completely ____ direction by each gust of wind.

As humans, we ____― to new information and events both good and bad― and return to our personal default level of well-being.

There will be highs and lows, but over time, like water seeking its own level, we are pulled toward our baseline― back up after bad ____ and back down after good.

The euphoria of first ____ fades, and so does the despair of a break-up.

This tendency is best seen with ____ kids and their toy joy: When they get what they’ve longed for, they believe they will be happy for the rest of their lives.

And for the first few minutes of the rest of their ____, they are.

But then the ____― like adults―adapt.

Although you may put off going to sleep in order to squeeze more activities into your ____, eventually your need for sleep becomes overwhelming and you are forced to get some sleep.

This daily drive for sleep appears to be due, in part, to a compound known as ____.

This natural chemical builds up in your blood as time awake ____.

While you sleep, your body breaks ____ the adenosine.

Thus, this molecule ____ be what your body uses to keep track of lost sleep and to trigger sleep when needed.

An accumulation of adenosine and other factors might explain why, after several nights of less than optimal amounts of sleep, you ____ up a sleep debt that you must make up by sleeping longer than normal.

Because of such built-in molecular ____, you can’t become accustomed to getting less sleep than your body needs.

Eventually, a lack of sleep catches up with ____.

____ of the things that makes uncertainty difficult for members of the public to appreciate is that the significance of uncertainty is relative.

Take, for ____, the distance between Earth and the sun: 1.49597 × 10⁸ km, as measured at one point during the year.

This seems relatively precise; after all, using six significant ____ means I know the distance to an accuracy of one part in a million or so.

However, if the next digit is uncertain, that means the uncertainty in knowing the precise Earth-sun distance is larger than the ____ between New York and Chicago!

Whether or not the ____ number is “precise” therefore depends on what I’m intending to do with it.

If I care only about what minute the sun will rise tomorrow, then the number quoted here is ____.

If I want to send a satellite to orbit just above the sun, however, then I would need to know distances ____ accurately.

Richard Heinberg, an American journalist, argues that in building the renewable energy infrastructure to stop global warming, we are actually ____ in one of the greatest change projects in human history.

In addition to solar panels and wind turbines, we have to build an ____ transport infrastructure, farming procedures and industrial processes.

This transformation cannot ____ without fossil fuels.

For instance, production of concrete structures and steel elements require ____ of energy that is only possible to produce with fossil energy.

Production of solar panels requires ____ and expensive minerals which must be excavated, again requiring the use of fossil fuels.

Thus, the harder we push towards a renewable energy system, the faster we ____ to use fossil energy for the construction process.

This is not only ____, but also an undermining factor for our efforts to cut global emissions.

Heinberg remarks that the cost of building this new energy infrastructure is seldom counted in ____ proposals, which tend to focus just on energy supply requirements.

Humans for centuries have dreamed of machines that could ____ intelligent and make human-like decisions.

There have been myths about robots, automatons, and artificial beings since ancient ____ (e.g., the myth of Pandora, who released ills upon the world).

Likewise, literature ____ history has dreamed of creating human-like creatures and thinking machines (e.g., Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein).

In 1950, British mathematician Alan Turing asked whether machines could ____ and reason like humans and then developed the Turing test to measure a machine’s intelligence and whether the machines can think autonomously.

A few years later, MIT ____ John McCarthy coined “artificial intelligence,” replacing the previously used expression “automata studies.”

____ then, artificial intelligence has become the study and practice of “making intelligent machines” that are programmed to think like humans―endowed by their creators with reasoning and learning.

The desert tortoise has a simple solution for coping with ____ Valley’s extreme heat: It avoids it.

The slow-moving creature hibernates during the winter and stays in its tunnel for much of the summer, meaning that it spends more ____ 90 percent of its life immobile.

In fact, the tortoise usually ____ surfaces after a good rain.

Then, it gets to work. The tortoise stocks up on water by eating plants and ____ holes to collect rain.

But to stay supplied with water through its ____ hibernation, the reptile relies on something else―its highly sophisticated bladder.

Unlike most animals, the tortoise’s bladder acts as a holding tank, allowing it to reabsorb water back ____ its body.

Incredibly, a desert tortoise can go a full year without taking in any freshwater at ____.

And because its bladder is so important to a tortoise’s survival, park rangers often remind visitors not to ____ and help the slow-movers across the road.

Tortoises become so terrified when people pick them up that they empty their bladders, losing their precious water ____.

Imagine ____ are pedalling your bicycle on a level road.

You stop pedalling: no force is ____ acting to move you forward.

What ____? You gradually slow down.

How could you slow down more suddenly, in a shorter ____?

By putting the ____ on.

Because the brakes change your movement, making you slow down more suddenly, they ____ be exerting a force on the bicycle and you, as they grip and rub on the wheel rims.

This is the force called friction, which tends to slow down moving things by acting in the direction ____ to movement, that is backwards.

Even without the brakes on, there are other friction forces acting on you and your bicycle, which also slow you ____.

One of these is ____ in the wheels rubbing on the axles.

Another is air resistance, which you ____ feel, pushing you backwards as you and the bicycle move forwards.

When you apply these ideas to something ____ you, like a cart, you can see what could be generating friction: mainly the axles rubbing on the body as they rotate.

All editing systems are now nonlinear computer-based systems that allow random ____ to any video shot or scene without having to fast forward or fast reverse to find it.

Nonlinear systems can create a range of ____ effects, such as slow motion, wipes and dissolves.

Another highlight of a digital nonlinear system is ____ random access process that makes it easy for an editor to find desired shots or scenes without having to spend time fast forwarding or rewinding videotape.

With nonlinear editing, shots or scenes ____ be easily added or removed anywhere in the program, and the computer adjusts the program length automatically.

Linear editing was like composing a paper on a ____.

If a mistake was made or new information needed to be added the whole piece had to be ____.

Nonlinear editing, on the other hand, is like using a ____ processing program.

If a ____ is made, it is easily deleted and fixed with a few keystrokes, and new information can be added easily.

A morally good person is one ____ does morally bad actions significantly less often than most and does morally good ones significantly more often than most.

In judging a person not only her actions but also her ____ and motives are relevant.

A morally good person must intend to do morally good actions and ____ to avoid morally bad ones.

A person who unintentionally prevents harm to others and does not harm them simply because things do not ____ out as she intends is not morally good.

Although this kind of situation generally occurs only in slapstick movies, it is worth mentioning to ____ the false impression that it is the actual consequences of a person’s actions that count toward her being judged morally good or bad.

But ____ consequences are important.

A person who always tries to prevent harm but never does, is ____ generally thought of as morally good.

Of such a person, it may be said that she means well; but, contrary to ____, some results are necessary before she is regarded as morally good.

Vision is influenced by our ____ about reality.

In viewing a scene, we establish unconscious ____ that reflect our functional relationship to objects and our momentary priorities.

For example, when ____ a hammer in our mind’s eye, we tend to “see” it in profile or at some other “ready for use” angle.

One would probably ____ visualize a hammer as seen from the top so that the handle is hidden by the hammer’s head.

The functional relationship we have with objects ____ visual expectations that interfere with our ability to see “like a camera.”

The camera, like the human eye, ____ only shapes and colors.

It documents the world impartially through a lens that is ____ to the eye.

When we look at them ____, photographs are often surprising because they don’t interpret confusing details but simply serve them up to us with a mechanical indifference.

And because of their flatness, photographs often contain ____ that appear as unrecognizable colors and shapes.

“May I help you?” are the ____ four words that a retail salesperson can utter because they don’t encourage the customer to talk and put them on the defensive.

The ____ words usually draw out a negative response that stops cold a sales transaction.

Examples of better questions to use when ____ customers are “Is there anything in particular that you are looking for?” and “Are you shopping for a gift?”

If a fashion salesperson approached you with “May I ____ you?” chances are you would feel the salesperson didn’t care.

This line is a ____ approach that is so overused by untrained and uninterested salespeople.

In fact, most of us ____ in horror on hearing these words.

The very meaning of the question “May I help ____?” implies that the customer is in trouble of some sort and needs rescuing.

This almost ____ puts the customer on the defense.

“No, thank you” is usually the immediate ____, even if the customer is actually in need of assistance.

The subconscious ____ by the customer is often “I’m smart enough to figure out what I want, and I don’t need your help!”

If customers ____ pressured or cornered, then salespeople won’t make any sales.

The approach has to ____ a comfortable environment that makes customers feel there is no rush.

Furthermore, if customers just want to look around, they should ____ that it is all right to do so.

In situations ____ customers really do want to look around on their own, salespeople should give customers their business cards and keep themselves accessible in case customers have questions or concerns.